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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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| translation = I write faster than you read. | | translation = I write faster than you read. | ||
}} | }} | ||
===Only=== | |||
The Chlouvānem construction for "only" is, grammatically, a comparative, with the thing that is "only" in the ablative case, compared to a positive alternative correlative (or, in some cases, ''nanū'') in a negative sentence: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = nęltayų viṣāmi gu vi ša, gu našabuṃṣanah! | |||
| gloss = 4_mark-<small>ABL.SG</small>. something_else. <small>NEG</small>=be.<small>PRES.IND.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.=<small>NEG</small>. – no. drought.<small>DIR.SG</small>. | |||
| translation = It's only a ''nęltayas''<ref>The lowest passing school mark used in most dioceses of the Inquisition.</ref>, it's not a disaster! | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lārvājuṣų viñjulyom gu lå ša. | |||
| gloss = yunyalīlti_temple-<small>ABL.SG</small>. elsewhither. <small>NEG</small>=walk.<small>UNIDIR.PRES.IND.1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.=<small>NEG</small>. | |||
| translation = I'm just going to the temple. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lillaukų nanū gu yaccechlašute ša. | |||
| gloss = moment-<small>ABL.SG</small>. more. <small>NEG</small>=request.<small>HUMBLE-INF</small>-do.<small>HUMBLE-PRES.IND.1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.=<small>NEG</small>. | |||
| translation = Just a moment, please. | |||
}} | |||
An exactly synonymous construction is made by using the negative alternative correlative in a positive sentence. It is, usually, perceived as much more formal and somewhat more posh than the above: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lārvājuṣų guviñjulyom lå. | |||
| gloss = yunyalīlti_temple-<small>ABL.SG</small>. nowhither_else. walk.<small>UNIDIR.PRES.IND.1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = I'm just going to the temple. | |||
}} | |||
Note that this does not apply to every single instance of English "only". "If only" is usually translated with the adverb ''lūminaise'' (from Arch. Chl. ''lūmas'' "prosperity"), while "not only" as ''gu emibunaise'' (nearly perfectly matching French "pas uniquement"). | |||
==Relative clauses== | ==Relative clauses== | ||
Chlouvānem relative clauses are nonreduced and work exactly the same way as adjectival verbs do: both clauses are independent. Time, place, and similar things are expressed with a distal correlative (see the [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Correlatives|table of correlatives]]).<br/> | Chlouvānem relative clauses are nonreduced and work exactly the same way as adjectival verbs do: both clauses are independent. Time, place, and similar things are expressed with a distal correlative (see the [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Correlatives|table of correlatives]]).<br/> | ||