Iliaqu: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 02:59, 17 December 2018

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 * '''bi''' "stops"
 * '''ligue''' "resumes"
+===Demonstratives===
+Demonstratives distinguish three degrees of distance associated with the three grammatical persons.
+* '''''tie''''' 'this' or 'these' near the speaker [1st person - proximal]
+* '''''tia''''' 'that' or 'those' near the listener [2nd person - medial]
+* '''''tio''''' 'that' or 'those' away from both speaker and listener [3rd person - distal]
+When speaking to someone of the same or higher rank and referring to the something that is close to both speaker and listener (such as a house that both are inside), the 2nd person '''''tia''''' 'that' is used. Only persons of higher rank may use the first person form '''''tie''''' in such situations.
+::{| cellpadding="2"
+|-
+| '''xu''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|tia}}''' || '''mala'''
+|-
+| NOM.3s.INAN.DEF || be.DEM.MED || be.house
+|-
+| "the thing that" || "is by you" || "is a house"
+|-
+| colspan="3" |''{{color|MediumBlue|this}} house'' — [SUB]
+|}
+::{| cellpadding="2"
+|-
+| '''xu''' || '''{{color|MediumBlue|tie}}''' || '''mala'''
+|-
+| NOM.3s.INAN.DEF || be.DEM.PROX || be.house
+|-
+| "the thing that" || "is by you" || "is a house"
+|-
+| colspan="3" |''{{color|MediumBlue|this}} house'' — [DOM]
+|}
+====Contractions====
+The demonstrative verbals '''''tie''''', '''''tia''''' and '''''tio''''' form contractions with most third person definite nominals and these contractions are very commonly used, transforming the above examples to '''''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}} mala''''' and '''''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}} mala''''' respectively. Here is a table of forms.
+::'''Definite'''
+::{| cellpadding="2"
+|-
+| || ICS Sg. || ICS. Pl. || ACS Sg. || ACS. Pl. || Inan. Sg. || Inan. Pl.
+|-
+| Nominative || '''ju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' / '''ju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' / '''ju{{color|MediumBlue|uo}}''' || '''iju''' || '''ja''' || '''ija''' || '''xu''' || '''ixu'''
+|-
+| Accusative || '''ji''' || '''iji''' || '''je''' || '''ije''' || '''xi''' || '''ixi'''
+|-
+| Dative || '''eji''' || '''ieji''' || '''eje''' || '''ieje''' || '''exi''' || '''iexi'''
+|-
+| Ablative || '''jui''' || '''ijui''' || '''jai''' || '''ijai''' || '''xui''' || '''ixui'''
+|-
+| Locative || '''jua''' || '''ijua''' || '''aja''' || '''iaja''' || '''xua''' || '''ixua'''
+|-
+| Genitive || '''uji''' || '''iuji''' || '''uje''' || '''iuje''' || '''uxi''' || '''iuxi'''
+|-
+| Possessive || '''uju''' || '''iuju''' || '''uja''' || '''iuja''' || '''*uxu''' || '''*iuxu'''
+|-
+| Vocative || '''eju''' || '''eiju''' || '''eja''' || '''eija''' || '''exu''' || '''eixu'''
+|-
+| Causal || '''teji''' || '''teiji''' || '''teje''' || '''teije''' || '''texi''' || '''teixi'''
+|-
+| Benefactive || '''kuaji''' || '''kuaiji''' || '''kuaje''' || '''kuaije''' || '''kuaxi''' || '''kuaixi'''
+|-
+| Instrumental || '''aji''' || '''aiji''' || '''aje''' || '''aije''' || '''axi''' || '''aixi'''
+|-
+| Comitative || '''leji''' || '''leiji''' || '''leje''' || '''leije''' || '''lexi''' || '''leixi'''
+|-
+| Topical || '''veji''' || '''veiji''' || '''veje''' || '''veije''' || '''vexi''' || '''veixi'''
+|-
+| Essive ||  '''oju''' || '''oiju''' || '''oja''' || '''oija''' || '''oxu''' || '''oixu'''
+|}
+: *rare, theoretical
 ===Location===