Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions

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==Proto-Talsmic phonology==
#redirect [[Hlou-Shum languages]]
===Consonant inventory===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="9"|Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
|-
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Uvular
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| *m
| *n
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| *p
| *t
| *c
| *k
| *q
| *ʔ
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| *b
| *d
| *ɟ
| *g
|
|
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
| *pʰ
| *tʰ
| *cʰ
| *kʰ
| *qʰ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
|
| *s
| *ç
|
|
| *h
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| *z
| *ƶ
|
|rowspan="2"| *ʁ
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| *w
|
| *j
|
 
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
| *r
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Lateral app.
|
| *l
|
|
|
|
|}
 
/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].
 
===Vocalic inventory===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| *i *ī
|
| *u *ū
|-
! style="" |Mid
| *e *ē
|
| *o *ō
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| *a *ā
|
|}
 
==Sound changes==
#ph, th, ƛh, kh, qh > resp. aspirates
#First spirantization:
#:qʰ > χ
#:pʰ > f
#Radicalization:
#:q > ʡ
#:χ > ħ
#Assimilation of dentals:
#:ts, ths > ss
#:dz, thz > zz > later z
#:ƛs > ƛʰ
#:ƛz > λ
#Some cluster changes:
#:tk > kt
#:tp, db, kp, gb > tv, dv, kv, gv (should be earlier than PTal?)
#:kt, łt, kþ > xt
#:pþ > ps
#:qt > ħt
#Second spirantization:
#:tʰ > þ
#:kʰ > x
#:ƛʰ > ł
#:ʔC > C[+long]
#C̓ʔ, Ch > Ce usually,
#:mʔ, nʔ, lʔ, rʔ > also mp, nt, lt, rt (especially in function morphemes)
#:mh, nh, lh, rh > also nf, nþ, lþ, rþ
#Loss of laterals (nearly unique to Themsaran?):
#:ƛ > ŧ /ts/
#:ł > þ
#:λ > l, λλ > ld
#:ḽ > ð, ḽḽ > lð
#Rhotacization:
#:z > r / _C[+voiced]
#:dl > rl
#Epenthetic vowels are added:
#:CC[+resonant]# > CyC[+resonant]# and in many functional morphemes.
#w > v (a velarized labiodental approximant)
#ʁ / V_V, _C[+coronal] > v (a Themsarian-only sound change)
#ʁ otherwise > ʕ
#Loss of glottal stop:
#*clitic =ʔ becomes final downstep
#*vowel contractions: (~ denotes *ʔ or *h)
#*''*a~ > ā''
#*''*a~e, *ajV *a~i > ae''
#*''*aj, a~ī > ai''
#*''*a~o, *awV(sometimes), *a~u > ao''
#*''*aw, > au (sometimes)''
#*''*e~C > eaC''
#*''*ej, *ew, *e~ī > ei''
#*''*e~u, *e~ū > ju, jū''
#*''*ēj > ie''
#*''*ē~ > ie (sometimes)''
#*''*i~C > ieC''
#*''*o~C > oaC''
#*''*o~i, oj, u~i, uj > ȳ''
#*''*o~ī > oi''
#*''*ow > ū''
#*''*u~C > uoC''
#*''*u~ī > ui''
#ʕ > ħ
#vv. zz > wv z
#:#bb, dd, gg > mb, nd, ng; also qq ħħ > q ħ, lengthening previous vowel
#Loss of word-final radicals:
C[+radical] > a / _#

Latest revision as of 21:48, 1 January 2019

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