Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions
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half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. As for making this miniature, that is to learn about languages. | half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. As for making this miniature, that is to learn about languages. | ||
content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns | content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns, {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns. | ||
enclitics have variation for a word, distinguish these kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective. | |||
demontratives have plural forms, have characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker, person. | |||
every word is morpheme. nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods. | |||
{|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives), nounsnominal of language monotansitives, nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthey turn nouns t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, vebal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. | {|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives), nounsnominal of language monotansitives, nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthey turn nouns t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, vebal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| an object right bafter verbal nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object before the motion in once a support of an objectial icle.|} | {| an object right bafter verbal nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object before the motion in once a support of an objectial icle.|} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Syntactics | |||
Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right. | Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right. | ||
Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic). | Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme). | ||
{| ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch thei places, phses at fists are foal phrases.|} | {| ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch thei places, phses at fists are foal phrases.|} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Writings | |||
excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances. | |||
Grapheme inventory with their corresponding phonemes: | |||
{| | | {| | | ||
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small> | ! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Phonotactics: CV(V)C. | |||
Tone slightly rises initially of a phrase. | Tone slightly rises initially of a phrase. | ||
{| sk sk not sk k lk not jk mm became | {| sk sk not sk k lk not jk mm became ¨mb nn sta kk is long k ll e lh is ong ¨l n ¨ll gemination lengthens nearby phoneme. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|} | ||
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Made text | |||
of it is what | of it is what | ||
Närca Sêdnan. | Närca Sêdnan. | ||
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of this is what | of this is what | ||
Famsendocleâ. | |||
/ | /fämsendokɥeˈä/ | ||
fam sen-doc-leh-har | fam sen-doc-leh-har | ||
fruits this-place.of-be | fruits this-place.of-be | ||
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they eat some-of this | they eat some-of this | ||
{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we: /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie /tfl* snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust: hroma*earth: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen /ais* smoke: féu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* : /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hrát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos* smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin: lea /ins* because|} | {|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we: /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie /tfl* snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust: hroma*earth: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen /ais* smoke: féu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* : /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hrát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos* smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin: lea /ins* because | ||
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Lexics | Lexics | ||
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Revision as of 14:05, 27 March 2019
A conlang, autonym Lekmae /ˈɥexmä/ is a tool to experiment grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. As for making this miniature, that is to learn about languages.
content: nouns(nominal of intransitives), adjective nouns(nominal of adjectives), demonstrative nouns, verbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), coverbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), enclitic nouns.
enclitics have variation for a word, distinguish these kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective. demontratives have plural forms, have characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker, person. every word is morpheme. nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.
Syntactics Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right. Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme).
Writings excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
Grapheme inventory with their corresponding phonemes:
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio-dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | mam(m) | nan,nan(n~ɲ, l) | uâu(ŋ) | |||||
| Plosive | bab(b~p) | dad(d~t) | cac(k~ɡ) | |||||
| Affricate | zae(d͡z~t͡s) | tât(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) | ||||||
| Fricative | fâf(f) | sas(s~ɕ) | xax(ʂ~ç) | kak(x~χ, k) | ||||
| Trill | rae(ʀ~r) | |||||||
| Approximant | vàe(ʋ) | iáe(ʝ) | ||||||
| Semi vowel | aàe,aaè(u̯) | lal,uàe(ɥ, l) | aáe,aaé(i̯) |
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | aie(i) | aüe(y) | aêi,aíe(ëi̯) | aòe(u̯o) | aui,aîe(ɯɨ~ɨ) | |
| Mid-open | aee,eäe(e) | aöe,aeû(ø) | aêu,aùe(ëu̯) | |||
| Open | aae(ä) | aao,aôe(ʌ) | ||||
Phonotactics: CV(V)C. Tone slightly rises initially of a phrase.
Made text of it is what Närca Sêdnan. /ˈne.ëɡä su̯ednän/ nac-har sêd-nan 1-be swed-ish
of this is what Famsendocleâ. /fämsendokɥeˈä/ fam sen-doc-leh-har fruits this-place.of-be
Naciorneuse a Lekmae Neidoc. /näkʝonëu̯s(ë) ʔä ɥexmä nëi̯dok/ romlang.be true.for Lekmae be.not.3 is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.
of who does what hainimdaies doc. /--/ kai nim daines doc they eat some-of this
Lexics /--/