Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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   A conlang, autonym Lekmae /ˈɥexmä/ is a tool to experiment grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories,
   A conlang, autonym Lekmae /ˈɥexmä/ is a tool to experiment grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories,
  half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. As for making this miniature, that is to learn about languages.
  half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. As for making this miniature, that is to learn about languages.
   content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns, {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns.
   content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns, {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns.
   enclitics have variation for a word, distinguish these kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective. demontratives have plural forms, have characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker, person. every word is morpheme. nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.
 
   enclitics have variation for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker, person. every word is morpheme. nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.
{|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives),  nounsnominal of language monotansitives, nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthey turn nouns t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, vebal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
{|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives),  nounsnominal of language monotansitives, nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthey turn nouns t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, vebal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
|}
|}
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   Writings
   Writings
  excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
  excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
   Grapheme inventory with their corresponding phonemes:
 
   Grapheme inventory with their corresponding phonemes
{| |
{| |
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
Line 36: Line 40:
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}},na{{blue|n}}(n~ɲ, l) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  ||  |
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}},na{{blue|n}}(n~ɲ, l) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  ||   
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b~p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d~t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k~ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe,aâ{{blue|e}}(ʔ, n/a)|
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b~p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d~t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k~ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe,aâ{{blue|e}}(ʔ, n/a)  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z~t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) ||  ||  ||  ||  |
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z~t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) ||  ||  ||  ||   
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s~ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ~ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x~χ, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, n/a) |
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s~ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ~ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x~χ, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, n/a)  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ~r) ||  |
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ~r) ||   
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||  |
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||   
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semi vowel</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semi vowel</small>
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ë~ɐ̯, n/a)|
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ë~ɐ̯, n/a)  
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|êi}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui}},a{{blue|î}}e(ɯɨ~ɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)|
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|êi}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui}},a{{blue|î}}e(ɯɨ~ɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e,a{{blue|eû}}(ø) ||  || a{{blue|êu}},a{{blue|ù}}e(ëu̯) || || a{{blue|o}}e(o)|
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e,a{{blue|eû}}(ø) ||  || a{{blue|êu}},a{{blue|ù}}e(ëu̯) || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) || a{{blue|o}}e(o)  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) ||  |
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  || ||   
|}
|}


Phonotactics
  Phonotactics
  CV(V)C.
  CV(V)C.
  Tone slightly rises initially of a phrase.
  Tone slightly rises initially of a phrase.
Line 121: Line 125:
   Lexics
   Lexics
  /--/
  /--/
{| mam*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul mai*value mui*means máè*meow nam*to name nac*to 1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to 2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu doc*of 3 dol*fish dad*dad dek dil* wet dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim a d aae*is it true for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of where to aas aal e d aee*accompanying with o d aoe*compared with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalkee ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope ser*that kind.|}
{| mam*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul maî*value mui*means máo*meow nam*to.name nac*to.1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to.2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu doc*of.3 dol*fish dad*dad dek dil* wet dui*do.what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilkec aam*aim a d aae*is.it.true.for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of.where,of.there aas aal e d aee*accompanying.with o d aoe*compared.with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made.from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be.by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what.who xui*how,where fam*fruits fun foù*fire kan*he.neuter kai*they. kalmê kum kat*hands kalkee hamsingular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope, wings ser*that.kind.|}




[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 14:25, 27 March 2019

  A conlang, autonym Lekmae /ˈɥexmä/ is a tool to experiment grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories,
half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. As for making this miniature, that is to learn about languages.

  content: nouns(nominal of intransitives), adjective nouns(nominal of adjectives), demonstrative nouns, verbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), coverbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), enclitic nouns.

  enclitics have variation for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker, person. every word is morpheme. nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.

  Syntactics
Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right.
Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme).

  Writings
excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.

  Grapheme inventory with their corresponding phonemes
Consonants Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal mam(m) nan,nan(n~ɲ, l) uâu(ŋ)
Plosive bab(b~p) dad(d~t) cac(k~ɡ) aâe,aâe(ʔ, n/a)
Affricate zae(d͡z~t͡s) tât(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ)
Fricative fâf(f) sas(s~ɕ) xax(ʂ~ç) kak(x~χ, k) hah(ɦ, n/a)
Trill rae(ʀ~r)
Approximant vàe(ʋ) iáe(ʝ)
Semi vowel aàe,aaè(u̯) lal,uàe(ɥ, l) aáe,aaé(i̯) aar(ë~ɐ̯, n/a)


Vowels Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close aie(i) aüe(y) aêi,aíe(ëi̯) aòe(u̯o) aui,aîe(ɯɨ~ɨ) aue(u)
Mid-open aee,eäe(e) aöe,aeû(ø) aêu,aùe(ëu̯) aao,aôe(ʌ) aoe(o)
Open aae(ä) 
  Phonotactics
CV(V)C.
Tone slightly rises initially of a phrase.

  Made text
of it is what
Närca Sêdnan.
/ˈne.ëɡä su̯ednän/
nac-har sêd-nan
1-be swed-ish



of this is what
Famsendocleâ.
/fämsendokɥeˈä/
fam sen-doc-leh-har
fruits this-place.of-be



Naciorneuse a Lekmae Neidoc.
/näkʝonëu̯s(ë) ʔä ɥexmä nëi̯dok/
romlang.be is.it.true.for Lekmae  be.not.3
is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.



of who does what
hainimdaies doc.
/--/
kai nim daines doc
they eat some-of this

  Lexics
/--/
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