Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions
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A conlang, autonym Lekmae \ˈɥexmä\ is an aid for experimenting any grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. Making this miniature is that to learn about languages. | A conlang, autonym Lekmae \ˈɥexmä\ is an aid for experimenting any grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. Making this miniature is that to learn about languages. | ||
(currently, it is Luècae \ˈɥuu̯kä\ or lekma version 9.4) | |||
Content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives/adverbs), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns, {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns. | Content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives/adverbs), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns, {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns. | ||
Demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker, first person, second person. Enclitics have | Demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, comitative, that near to the speaker, that away from the speaker, first person, second person. Enclitics have variations for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective. | ||
{|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives), | {|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives), nounsnomina of language monotansitives, nouns(which have pluals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derid particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthe turn nun t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.ha/ɦä/,/e/ s/s, veal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| an object | {| an object ight bafter ba nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object befoe the motion in once a suppot of an objectial icle.|} | ||
{| | {| evers are morpheme nouns, full nouns, ul nouns are indicatives. in this site uses resemble notations|} | ||
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are regular VO are also full nouns.. if the are free from diacritics.|}{| ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic of zeromorpheme noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch thei places, phses at fists are foa phrases.|} | {|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are regular VO are also full nouns.. if the are free from diacritics.|}{| ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic of zeromorpheme noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch thei places, phses at fists are foa phrases.|} | ||
{| aside from the onemic orthography, numerals are written. -|} | {| aside from the onemic orthography, numerals are written. -|} | ||
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they eat some-of 3 | they eat some-of 3 | ||
{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we: /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie | {|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we: /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust:: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen nter; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,ncen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! s uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| |hia/ɦiä/| sia hia/ɦiä/|hians/ɦiäns/| hey (singular)lue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive : the motion is completed sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! st bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| aat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| alnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,aiseféu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* : /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Lexics | Lexics | ||
/--/ | /--/ | ||
{| mâm*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul maî*value mui*means máo*meow nam*to.name nac*to.1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to.2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu doc*of.3 dol*fish dâd*dad dek dil* wet dui*do.what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilkec aam*aim a d aae*is.it.true.for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of.where,of.there aís*icy aal e d aee*accompanying.with o d aoe*compared.with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made.from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be.by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what.who xui*how,where fam*fruits fun foù*fire kan*he.neuter kai*they. kalmêd kum kat*hands kalkee ham*singular rombar*earthen vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lea d lehhar*because lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope, wings ser*that.kind.|} | {| mâm*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul maî*value mui*means máo*meow nam*to.name nac*to.1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to.2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu doc*of.3 dol*fish dâd*dad dek dil* wet dui*do.what dál*draw dfl*who have wings cac cuf cal cilkec aam*aim a d aae*is.it.true.for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of.where,of.there aís*icy aal e d aee*accompanying.with o d aoe*compared.with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made.from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be.by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what.who xui*how,where fam*fruits fun foù*fire kan*he.neuter kai*they. kalmêd kum kat*hands kalkee ham*singular rombar*earthen vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lea d lehhar*because lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope, wings ser*that.kind.|} | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
Revision as of 13:44, 5 April 2019
A conlang, autonym Lekmae \ˈɥexmä\ is an aid for experimenting any grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages. Making this miniature is that to learn about languages. (currently, it is Luècae \ˈɥuu̯kä\ or lekma version 9.4)
Content: nouns(nominal of intransitives), adjective nouns(nominal of adjectives/adverbs), demonstrative nouns, verbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), coverbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), enclitic nouns.
Demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, comitative, that near to the speaker, that away from the speaker, first person, second person. Enclitics have variations for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
Syntactics Type: SVO-Topic. Every single word is a morpheme, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right. Adjectifier is a zeromorpheme. Nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods. Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier).
Writings A real life setting is that letters, excepting q w p g j y, is used. u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
Grapheme inventory with their corresponding phones
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio-dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | mam(m, b) | nan,nan(n~ɲ, l~d) | uâu(ŋ) | |||||
| Plosive | bab(b~p) | dad(d~t) | cac(k~ɡ) | aâe,aâe(ʔ, n/a) | ||||
| Affricate | zae(d͡z~t͡s) | tât(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) | ||||||
| Fricative | fâf(f) | sas(s~ɕ) | xax(ʂ~ç) | kak(x~χ, k) | hah(ɦ~n/a) | |||
| Trill | rae(ʀ~r) | |||||||
| Approximant | vàe(ʋ) | iáe(ʝ) | aar(ë~ɐ̯~n/a) | |||||
| Semivowel | aàe,aaè(u̯) | lal,uáe(ɥ, l) | aáe,aaé(i̯) |
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | aie(i) | aüe(y) | aêi,aíe(ëi̯) | aòe(u̯o) | aui,aîe(ɯɨ~ɨ) | aue(u) |
| Mid-open | aee,eäe(e) | aöe,aeû(ø) | aêu,aùe(ëu̯) | aao,aôe(ʌ) | aoe(o) | |
| Open | aae(ä) | |||||
Phonotactics CV(V)C. Tone slightly rises initially for beginning of a phrase.
Made text of it is what Narca fui Sèdnan. \ˈnä.ëɡä fɯɨ ˈsu̯ednän\ nac-har fui sèd-nan 1-be member.of swed-ish
of this is what Famsendocleâ. \fämsendokˈɥe.ä\ fam sendoc lehhar fruits 3.place of.be
Naciórneuse a Lekmae Neîdoc. \näkʝoneu̯së ʔä ɥexmä nei̯dok\ naciór neû -se aae- Lekmae neîdoc rom lang -be ?- Lekmae be.not.3 is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.
of who does what kainimdaues doc. /--/ kai nim daues doc they eat some-of 3
Lexics /--/