Lesson:Metin/2: Genitive and locative

Genitive

To say that a noun owns something, first you must add the suffix en to the thing being owned.

sy'amiił "a house" to sy'amiiłen "someone's house, her place, his pad".

Then, you add the owner in the oblique form. For nouns that start with si, the oblique form starts with suar.

sy'amiiłen suarbhii' "Bhii's place."

The "r" in "suar" can change form depending on the consonanant that follows it. The rules are:

If the following sound is voiceless, "r" is pronounced "ł"

sy'amiiłen suart'is> sy'amiiłen suałt'is "The child's house".

If the following sound is voiced and "toothy" (All the toothy voiced sounds contain the letters d, z, l or j in them), r is pronounced "l" sy'amiiłen suarleeh> sy'amiiłen sualleeh "The singer's house".

If the following sound is S or T, the r remains r, despite S and T being voiceless. sy'amiiłen suarTuu "The cook's house", not "sy'amiiłen suałTu".

When adding the suffix "en" to a noun, some changes are made depending on what the noun ends in.

If noun ends in a vowel

-add yen: miji> mijiyen, siTuu> siTuuyen.

If noun ends in a fricative

-s becomes ts, z dz, zh dzh, S TS, Z DZ, Zh DZh, sy c, zy j, zyh jh, s' ts', z' dz', zh dzh', sy' c', zy' j', zyh' jh'.

lukiez> lukiedzen

fïrus> firutsen

f may not change, or become w

fïdlhïïf> fikïïwen

sikif> sikifen.

n usually becomes m

fïgoon> fïgoomen

Other final sounds rarely change.

sy'amiił> sy'amiiłen

Some words are irregular

sit'is> sits'en

siDu> siDugen

Translation practice

New words. fïluá: a light fïdaaq: a pen fïklAAs: a tablet, phone fïhëë: a bed, matress.

sileeh: a singer simuo: a spouse, date siDu (siDugen) an elder, one's boss. siTuu: a chef. sy'ahëë: a bedroom sy'aTuu: a kitchen

mihuu': food luhuu': a meal miráihëë: bedsheets, blanket

luquo: the color white luglief: the color black luDraaG: the color blue

1: That by you is the singer's tablet

2: Txen's bedsheets are black.

3: Bhii's friend's bedroom is white.

4: The Chef's kitchen isn't blue.

5: Txen's boss is cuinda (sicuinda)

6: This is cuinda's pen.

7: That isn't Bhii's date.

8: That by you is Cuinda's food.

I: Dhaa mita mijiyen sualleeh

II: mimi fïZa fïluáyen suałcuinda

III:  site sisuhen suarbhii'

IV: siDugen suarbhii' siSooł

V: mimi fïgoomen suarSooł

VI: Dhaa fïhëë luDraaG

VI: luhuu'yen suałtxen

Genitive pronouns

To say something is mine or yours, suffixes different than -en. The suffix -o means "my", the suffix         "-u/f" means "your".

fïdaaqen suarcuinda "cuinda's pen".

fidaaqo "my pen"

fidaaqu "your pen"

fidaaqen "his/her pen".

The rules for adding these suffixes are the same as for adding en, allthough for the suffix "u/f", "f" is used after vowels, "u" after consonants.  

fïluá> filuáyo "my light."

fïluá> filuáf "your light."

sy'amiił> sy'amiiło "my house"

sy'amiił> sy'amiiłu "your house"

fïklAAs> fïklAAtso "my tablet"

fïklAAs> fïklAAtsu "your tablet"

sit'is> sits'o "my student"

sit'is> sits'u "your student".

Translation practice

1. That by you isn't my bed

2. Her pen is black

3. This is your house

4. My friend's kitchen is white.

I. miriáhëëyen siDuf mite

II. Dhaa sisuho sinteplu

III. mimi sits'en Za sibhi

IV. sy'aTuu luDraaG

Locative

     Now you get to be introduced to the first formal verb of the Metin language, "hi'", to be in a place. The words you learned before, "Dhaa" and "mimi", are not verbs, but copulas, they do not conjugate.

h'i yałte fïgoon "the table is there by you"

oh'i sy'uDZao "I am in the city"

uh'i yałti mu suarbhii' "you are next to bhii'"