Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions

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Line 124: Line 124:
| ''wulfъi'' || ''wulfъmъ''  
| ''wulfъi'' || ''wulfъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Ablative-Locative
! Locative
| ''wulfaþ'' || ''wulfъzъ''  
| ''wulfaþ'' || ''wulfъzъ''  
|}
|}
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| ''jukъi'' || ''jukъmъ''  
| ''jukъi'' || ''jukъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Ablative-Locative
! Locative
| ''jukaþ'' || ''jukъzъ''  
| ''jukaþ'' || ''jukъzъ''  
|}
|}
Line 166: Line 166:
| ''gēfai'' || ''gēfamъ''  
| ''gēfai'' || ''gēfamъ''  
|-
|-
! Ablative-Locative
! Locative
| ''gēfai'' || ''gēfazъ''  
| ''gēfai'' || ''gēfazъ''  
|}
|}
Line 187: Line 187:
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmь''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmь''  
|}
|}
Line 208: Line 208:
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''mari'' || ''marьmь''  
| ''mari'' || ''marьmь''  
|}
|}
Line 229: Line 229:
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''sunu'' || ''sunъmь''  
| ''sunu'' || ''sunъmь''  
|}
|}
Line 250: Line 250:
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''  
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmь''  
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmь''  
|}
|}
Line 271: Line 271:
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''lambьre'' || ''lambьrъmь''  
| ''lambьre'' || ''lambьrъmь''  
|}
|}
Line 292: Line 292:
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''augьne'' || ''augъmmь''  
| ''augьne'' || ''augъmmь''  
|}
|}
Line 313: Line 313:
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''  
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''harpane'' || ''harpamь''  
| ''harpane'' || ''harpamь''  
|}
|}
Line 335: Line 335:
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''  
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''burþine'' || ''burþimь''  
| ''burþine'' || ''burþimь''  
|}
|}
Line 356: Line 356:
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''  
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Locative
| ''fadre'' || ''fadrъmь''  
| ''fadre'' || ''fadrъmь''  
|}
|}

Revision as of 21:18, 19 June 2019

Proto-Thedic is the most recent common ancestor of Thedish and Ufirlandisg. It is a subbran


Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Dental Alveolar Velar
Nasal m m n n
Stop
/Affricate 		voiceless p p t t k c~k
voiced b b d d g ɟ~g
Fricative f f~v þ θ~ð s s~z h ç~x~h
Resonant w ʋ r r l l j j

All consonants except *j can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization was still allophonic in Proto-Thedic but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.

  • -anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr
  • kw, hw > p, f

Vowels

Proto-Thedic had the following vowels:

a ā e ē i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ ъi ь /ɑ ɑː æ æː i iː ɔ ɔː œ œː u uː y yː au ɛu iu ə əi ĭ/

U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)

Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:

a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu

Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú

Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

a-stem: wulfъ (m.) 'wolf'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative wulfъ wulfar
Genitive wulfъs wulfa
Dative wulfъi wulfъmъ
Locative wulfaþ wulfъzъ


a-stem: jukъ (n.) 'yoke'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative jukъ juka
Genitive jukъs juka
Dative jukъi jukъmъ
Locative jukaþ jukъzъ


ō-stem: gēfa (f.) 'gift'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative gēfa gēfar
Genitive gēfar gēfa
Dative gēfai gēfamъ
Locative gēfai gēfazъ


i-stem: gastь (m.) 'guest'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative gastь gasti
Genitive gastьs gastьja
Dative gasti gastьmъ
Locative gasti gastьmь


i-stem: marь (n.) 'sea'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative marь mari
Genitive marьs marьja
Dative mari marьmъ
Locative mari marьmь


u-stem: sunъ (m.) 'son'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative sunъ sunir
Genitive sunor sunьwa
Dative suni sunъmъ
Locative sunu sunъmь


C-stem: burgь (f.) 'fortification'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative burgь burgir
Genitive burgir burga
Dative burgi burgъmъ
Locative burgi burgъmь


z-stem: lambъ (m.) 'lamb'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative lambъ lambьra
Genitive lambьrь lambьra
Dative lambьrь lambьrъmъ
Locative lambьre lambьrъmь


an-stem: auga (n.) 'eye'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative auga augana
Genitive augьnь augъna
Dative augьnь augъmmъ
Locative augьne augъmmь


ōn-stem: harpa (f.) 'harp'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative harpa harpanь
Genitive harpanь harpana
Dative harpanь harpamъ
Locative harpane harpamь


īn-stem: burþi (f.) 'birth'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative burþi burþinь
Genitive burþinь burþina
Dative burþinь burþimъ
Locative burþine burþimь


r-stem: fader (m.) 'father'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative fader fadrь
Genitive fadъr fadra
Dative fadrь fadrъmъ
Locative fadre fadrъmь

Verbs

Weak

leufanъ 'to love'
tense ek þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative leufa leufasь leufaþь leufamъ leufaþ leufanþь
present subjunctive leufa leufas leufa leufam leufaþ leufan
past I leufada leufadest leufade leufadedъm leufadedъd leufadedъn
past II leufas leufast leufas leufasъm leufasъd leufaser
past subjunctive leufadedi leufadedir leufadedi leufadedim leufadedid leufadedin
imperative - leufa! - - leufaþ! -
present participle leufand
past participle leufadъ


hъilinъ 'to heal'
tense ek þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative hъilьja hъilisь hъiliþь hъilimъ hъiliþ hъilinþь
present subjunctive hъilьja hъilis hъili hъilim hъiliþ hъilin
past I hъilida hъilidest hъilide hъilidedъm hъilidedъd hъilidedъn
past II hъilis hъilist hъilis hъilisъm hъilisъd hъiliser
past subjunctive hъilidedi hъilidedir hъilidedi hъilidedim hъilidedid hъilidedin
imperative - hъili! - - hъiliþ! -
present participle hъilind
past participle hъilidъ

Strong

wrītъnъ 'to write'
tense ek þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative wrīta wrītьrь wrītьdь wrītъmъ wrītьd wrītъndь
present subjunctive wrīta wrītъir wrītъi wrītъim wrītъid wrītъin
past I wrъit wrъist wrъit wrъitъm wrъitъd wrъiter
past II writъ writь writ writъm writъd writъn
past subjunctive writi writir writi writim writid writin
imperative - wrīt! - - wrītъd! -
present participle wrītъnd
past participle writъnъ


keusъnъ 'to choose'
tense ek þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative keusa kiusьrь kiusьþь keusъmъ kiusьd keusъndь
present subjunctive keusa keusъir keusъi keusъim keusъid keusъin
past I kaus kaust kaus kaurъm kaurъd kaurer
past II kusъ kusь kus kurъm kurъd kurъn
past subjunctive kuri kurir kuri kurim kurid kurin
imperative - keus! - - kiusьd! -
present participle keusъnd
past participle kurъnъ


bindъnъ 'to bind'
tense ek þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative binda bindьrь bindьþь bindъmъ bindьd bindъndь
present subjunctive binda bindъir bindъi bindъim bindъid bindъin
past I band banst band bandъm bandъd bander
past II bundъ bundь bund bundъm bundъd bundъn
past subjunctive bundi bundir bundi bundim bundid bundin
imperative - bind! - - bindьd! -
present participle bindъnd
past participle bundъnъ

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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