Takkenit: Difference between revisions

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===Internal history===
===Internal history===
[[File:Takkenit_area.jpg|thumb| Area, where Takkenkikle was spoken in the period of its greatest expansion (around 6000 BCE). Modern political borders are represented for convenience.]]
[[File:Takkenit_area.jpg|thumb| Area, where Takkenkikle was spoken in the period of its greatest expansion (around 6000 BCE). Modern political borders are represented for convenience.]]
The name Takkenkikle comes from ''takkune'' ("tribe", "people, related to each other", hence ''takkeni'' - "that belongs to the tribe") and kikle ("to speak", "speech", "language"), so it translates as people's language. Its homeland is claimed to be Central Asian steppe between the Caspian sea and the Aral sea, which was forming, but hasn't become a single body of water yet. During 7000 BCE the earliest forms of the Takkenit language became distinct and Takkenit people separated from neighbouring tribes and moved westward to the sea. There is no consensus, why exactly the migration happened, but the most prominant factor was definitely climate change which brought less rains and caused animals to migrate further north.
The name Takkenkikle comes from ''takkune'' ("tribe", "people, related to each other", hence ''takkeni'' - "that belongs to the tribe") and kikle ("to speak", "speech", "language"), so it translates as people's language. Its homeland is claimed to be Central Asian steppe between the Caspian sea and the Aral sea, which was forming, but hasn't become a single body of water yet. During 7000 BCE the earliest forms of the Takkenit language became distinct and Takkenit people separated from neighbouring tribes and moved westward to the sea. There is no consensus, why exactly the migration happened, but the most prominant factor was definitely the climate change which brought less rains and caused animals to migrate further north.


Soon the people left northern shores of the Caspian sea and by the 6500 BCE reached the territory of forests and swamps in Eastern Europe, rich in food and materials for daily life. During this time different tribes and even villages were speaking slightly different dialects, which started diverging more and more, creating a dialectal continuum. But due to a semi-nomadic lifestyle contacts between people remained pretty high and thus their dialects did not become too distinct to be unintelligible.
Soon the people left northern shores of the Caspian Sea and by the 6500 BCE reached the territory of forests and swamps in Eastern Europe, rich in food and materials for daily life. During this time different tribes and even villages were speaking slightly different dialects, which started diverging more and more, creating a dialectal continuum. But due to a semi-nomadic lifestyle contacts between people remained pretty high and thus their dialects did not become too distinct to be unintelligible.


By 5000 BCE Takkenit tribes became surrounded by various linguistically diverse peoples, most of which migrated from the south. The climate was already warm enough to establish agriculture and soon neolithic tribes from Anatolia and Balkans started spreading and assimilating indigenous people due to greater numbers and technological advantages. Takkenit people slowly intermixed with its neighbours and shifted to their languages leaving only a bunch of substrate words and place names. Those new cultures would be quite advanced and prosperous for a long time until about 3000-2800 BCE, when they were also assimilated by the Corded Ware and Yamna people from the east.
By 5000 BCE Takkenit tribes became surrounded by various linguistically diverse peoples, most of which migrated from the south. The climate was already warm enough to establish agriculture and soon [[w:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture|Trypillians]] - the neolithic tribes from Balkans - started spreading and assimilating indigenous people due to greater numbers and technological advantages. Takkenit people slowly intermixed with their neighbours and shifted to their languages leaving only a bunch of substrate words and place names. Those new cultures would be quite advanced and prosperous for a long time until about 3000-2800 BCE, when they were also assimilated by the [[w:Corded Ware culture|Corded Ware]] and [[w:Yamna culture|Yamna]] people from the east.
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If a possession is inalienable, than a suffix ''-kk'' is added, like in ''ŋalwakke'' his/her head. If a possession is alienable and temporary (it was given to someone for a short period of time, borrowed) than a suffix ''-ŋ'' is added instead - ''nakraŋəm'' - "the knife I borrowed".
If a possession is inalienable, than a suffix ''-kk'' is added, like in ''ŋalwakke'' his/her head. If a possession is alienable and temporary (it was given to someone for a short period of time, borrowed) than a suffix ''-ŋ'' is added instead - ''nakraŋəm'' - "the knife I borrowed".
===Numerals===
The following are the numerals from 1 to 10 in Takkenit. There are two words for 3 and 4: ''kurtet'' and ''kuttet'' are used to count separate or individual items, while ''teret'' and ''titte'' are used when mentioning groups or piles of inanimate things, usually those that can be put into a some kind of container. The word ''kije'' "a pair" can sometimes be used instead of ''kakte'' "two". Several words for "one" are also used: ''ikte'' is the main and the general one, ''timu'' is "another one" (when mentioning two people or things), ''timkatte'' is used with something that can be held in a hand, however it doesn't represent a single item, rather a single group of items that a person can hold in their hand, for example: ''timkatte pelwa'' means "a handful of grain".
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+Numerals
|-
! colspan=2 | Takkenit
!English
|-
!<small>Cardinal</small>
!<small>Ordinal</small>
!<small>Translation</small>
|-
| ikte
| ikena
| one
|-
| kakte
| kakta
| two
|-
| kurtet
| kurmi
| three
|-
| teret
| tirena
| group of three
|-
| kuttet
| tittena
| four
|-
| titte
| tittena
| group of four
|-
| ikkaŋat
| ikkaŋena
| five
|-
| kuttet
| miktuni
| six
|-
| ŋampektet
| ŋampekuna
| seven
|-
| kaktiket
| kaktekiŋa
| eight
|-
| ŋampejeŋket
| ŋampejiŋki
| nine
|-
| kakkaŋat
| kimteni
| ten
|}
When counting beyond 10, new numerals are created by adding ''-tew-kimt-it'' "them, coming after ten" to the existing numeral: ''iktetewkimtit'' "eleven", ''kaktetewkimtit'' "twelve". For numbers bigger than 19 a suffix ''-kimteki'' (for "twenty") and ''-kimtit'' (for "thirty" and more) are added, for example: ''kaktekimteki'' "twenty", ''kaktekimteki ikte'' "twenty one" and so on. The was no special word for 100 and larger numerals, instead the word ''munajit'' "many" was used. This word was typically used instead of any number larger than ten.


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===The North Wind and the Sun===
===The North Wind and the Sun===
{{main|Literature:The North Wind and the Sun#Takkenit}}
*Takkenkikle:
*Takkenkikle:
Kiwerkawi Kajna ku tupewkatkamit je-wujmumeja, kuti pekleja tulmu kerkawna taŋkenute tamejneki. Pewkakmitejte, jeti ikta para tatekkatejle peklejam tekijunkele kerkawtem lukirken, kenittekepa wujmumekija. Tekute Kiwerkawi putinkaleleti je-wankat, le minkemu putinkati minkemu pekleja kerkawtem peltutteka ŋalku ekaljate; jellu ku Kiwerkawi kewtanutem ikarjaketteka. Tekute Kajna tulmakentuttele, pekleja ku iknekku kerkawtem lukirkakti. Kuje Kiwerkawi tejkat pekanitteken Kajnam je-wujmumekija.
Kiwerkawi Kajna ku tupewkatkamit je-wujmumeja, kuti pekleja tulmu kerkawna taŋkenute tamejneki. Pewkakmitejte, jeti ikta para tatekkatejle peklejam tekijunkele kerkawtem lukirken, kenittekepa wujmumekija. Tekute Kiwerkawi putinkaleleti je-wankat, le minkemu putinkati minkemu pekleja kerkawtem peltutteka ŋalku ekaljate; jellu ku Kiwerkawi kewtanutem ikarjaketteka. Tekute Kajna tulmakentuttele, pekleja ku iknekku kerkawtem lukirkakti. Kuje Kiwerkawi tejkat pekanitteken Kajnam je-wujmumekija.
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And so the North Wind was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two.
And so the North Wind was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two.


 
[[Category:Takkenit]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
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