Verse:Lõis/Qivattutannguaq

Siqa tuqsuq Qivattut (This page in Hivatish)

Lõis/Qivattutannguaq
Qivattutannguaq
Pronunciation	[/hivatːutaŋːuaχ/]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Lõis
Language family	Indo-European Lõis/Qivattutannguaq

Qivattutannguaq (Qivattutannguaq /hivatːutaŋːuaχ/ or Qivattuq tannguaq /hivatːuχ taŋːuaχ/) is an Indo-European language inspired by Greenlandic, Old Persian and Proto-Celtic.

Qivattutannguaq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by Inuit languages. It was spoken in Qivattulunnun, which is located in our Great Britain.

It was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguaq ("perfected language") and the vernacular Prisinitutannguaq ("natural language").

• siiman = seed (related to German Keim)
• tiutaa = tribe
• teewaq = god
• siuqit < *ǵews-eti = he tries
• suqtuq (< *ǵews-tus) = attempt
• imaq (m) = sea
• iqalugaq (m) = trout
• anuri (n) = storm
• iqariuq = red <- h₁ésh₂ṛ-yos
• talguq = long
• tuattuq (m) = trail <- duh₂-ntos
• arsattuq (m) = silver
• taiseet = he pinpoints, he locates
• ziimaa = winter
• wivuneet (wi-wonh1-eyeti) = he aspires

Kiiwuq piksuq wutarit naaksit. = The living fish swims in the water.

Phonology

Qivattutannguaq has a rather small phonology.

Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui

Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j v /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l r j w/

Voiceless stops are unaspirated.

i u are pronounced [e o] before q.

Diachronics

o > u

RC > aRC

l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/

nt > tt; nd, ndʰ > nn

Pronouns

izaa 'I'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	izaa	ammii
Genitive	mini	ammaqun
Dative	mai	ammai
Accusative	mi	ammi
Ablative	minit, miit	ammavuq
Locative	minit, miit	ammavi

tuu 'thou'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tuu	juu
Genitive	tivi	junngaqun
Dative	tai	junngai
Accusative	ti	junngi
Ablative	tivit, tiit	junngavuq
Locative	tivit, tiit	junngavi

• siqu, siqaa, situt = this
• qu, qaa, tut = that
• ju, jaa, jut = which (relative pronoun)
• kiq? kia? kit? = who? what?

Nouns

Functions of the cases

Qivattutannguaq has 6 or 7 cases depending on register.

• The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects.
• Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin.
• The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come befire nouns.
• In Qunngartutannguaq, the direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the genitive:
  • Suwaa iwiti walkun. = The dog saw a wolf.
  • Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa. = The dog did not see a wolf.
• Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as in or at can be used but is not necessary.
• Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like in 'into', at 'at' or ipi 'onto' take the accusative.
• "from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ut. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ut vukaat 'from the city', but taamiat 'from the house')
• For 'with' (instrumental) su + ablative is used. 'With' (comitative) requires the preposition san + ablative.
• Agents of passive verbs use the ablative.

Thematic

o-stems

falkuς 'wolf' (< *wĺ̥kʷos; underwent taboo deformation)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	falkuς	falkāς
Genitive	falkā	falkūn
Dative	falkai	falkafuς
Accusative	falkun	falkūς
Ablative	falkiat	falkafuς
Locative	falkiat	falkafi
Vocative	falki!	falkāς!

virdun 'word' (< *werdʰh₁om)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	virdun	virdā
Genitive	virdā	virdūn
Dative	virdai	virdafuς
Accusative	virdun	virdā
Ablative	virdiat	virdafuς
Locative	virdiat	virdafi
Vocative	virdi!	virdā!

eh2-stems

vukaa 'city' (< *bʰug-éh₂)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vukaa	vukaaq
Genitive	vukaaq	vukuun
Dative	vukai	vukaavuq
Accusative	vukaan	vukaaq
Ablative	vukaat	vukaavuq
Locative	vukaat	vukaavi
Vocative	vukaa!	vukaaq!

u-stems

quunuq 'son'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	quunuq	quunuwiq
Genitive	quuniuq	quunuun
Dative	quuniwi	quunuvuq
Accusative	quunun	quunuuq
Ablative	quunut	quunuvuq
Locative	quunut	quunuvi
Vocative	quunu!	quunuwiq!

Also: nauς 'boat, ship'

i-stems

iγniς 'fire'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iγniς	iγnīς
Genitive	iγnīς	iγnūn, iγnijūn
Dative	iγnī	iγnifuς
Accusative	iγnin	iγnīς
Ablative	iγnit	iγnifuς
Locative	iγnit	iγnifi
Vocative	iγni!	iγnīq!

Also: tēpputiς 'master'.

Neuter i-stems:

anuri 'storm' (< Proto-Inuit ạnųʁǝ̈ 'wind')

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	anuri	anuria
Genitive	anurīς	anurūn, anurijūn
Dative	anurī	anurifuς
Accusative	anuri	anuria
Ablative	anurit	anurifuς
Locative	anurit	anurifi
Vocative	anuri!	anuria!

h2-stems

imaq 'sea'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	imaq	imaaq
Genitive	imiaq	imuun
Dative	imai	imavuq
Accusative	iman	imaaq
Ablative	imat	imavuq
Locative	imat	imavi
Vocative	ima!	imaat!

n-stems

zamaa 'human'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	zamaa	zamuniq
Genitive	zamuuq	zamunuun
Dative	zamunii	zamunavuq
Accusative	zamunan	zamunaaq
Ablative	zamunit	zamunavuq
Locative	zamunit	zamunavi
Vocative	zamuni!	zamuniq!

-mn-nouns

numan 'name'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	numan	numanaa
Genitive	numaaq	numanuun
Dative	numanii	numanavuq
Accusative	numan	numanaa
Ablative	numanit	numanavuq
Locative	numanit	numanavi
Vocative	numan!	numanaa!

Also: wirman 'time', wingman 'clothes'

Athematic

Example nouns: qaullaq = sun; apalaq = apple

reezaq 'king'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	reezaq	reeziq
Genitive	reezaq	reezuun
Dative	reezii	reezavuq
Accusative	reezan	reezaaq
Ablative	reezit	reezavuq
Locative	reezit	reezavi
Vocative	rees!	reeziq!

iqalugaq 'trout' (< Proto-Inuit ǝqaluɣ)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iqalugaq	iqalugiq
Genitive	iqalugaq	iqaluguun
Dative	iqalugii	iqalugavuq
Accusative	iqalugan	iqalugaaq
Ablative	iqalugit	iqalugavuq
Locative	iqalugit	iqalugavi
Vocative	iqaluk!	iqalugiq!

wutar 'water'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wutar	wutaraa
Genitive	wutar	wutaruun
Dative	wutarii	wutaravuq
Accusative	wutaran	wutaraa
Ablative	wutarit	wutaravuq
Locative	wutarit	wutaravi
Vocative	wutar!	wutaraa!

pateer-class

pateer 'father'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	pateer	patiriq
Genitive	patriq	patiruun
Dative	patrii	patiravuq
Accusative	patran	patiraaq
Ablative	patrit	patiravuq
Locative	patrit	patiravi
Vocative	patir!	patiriq!

Declined similarly: pateer, maateer, vraateer, whiqaar, dukateer = father, mother, brother, sister, daughter

Adjectives

Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles).

-uq adjectives

• nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa

-iq adjectives

• nom. -iq, -iq, -i; pl. -iiq, -iiq, -ia

Prepositions

• su = w/ abl.: with (instrumental)
• san = w/ abl.: with (comitative)
• viz = w/ gen.: without
• in
  • w/ acc.: into
  • w/ loc.: inside
• at = at
  • w/ acc.: towards; at
• attir =
  • w/ loc.: between,
  • w/ acc.: against
• ut = w/ abl.: out of
• ipi
  • w/ acc.: onto
  • w/ loc.: on

Verbs

Qivattutannguaq verbs have only three tenses: present, past, and optative.

Athematic

tituat 'he gives', pres. ind.

	Singular	Plural
1	tituami	titumaq
2	tituaq	tituti
3	tituat	tituut

e/o-thematic

These verbs often take the past form from PIE root aorists.

Some verbs in this class:

• vilsit, ivalsi = shines
• vindit, ivandi = binds
• siuqit, isuqi = tries

Present
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	vindaa	vindaar
2SG	vindiq	vinditar
3SG	vindit	vinditur
1PL	vindumaq	vindumaqti
2PL	vinditi	vinditau
3PL	vinduut	vinduttur
Past
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	ivanda	ivandar
2SG	ivanta	ivantar
3SG	ivandi	ivandur
1PL	ivandami	ivandamaqti
2PL	ivandati	ivandatau
3PL	ivandeer	ivandeerur
Optative
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	vindaimi	vindajaar
2SG	vindaiq	vindaitar
3SG	vindait	vindaitur
1PL	vindaimaq	vindaimaqti
2PL	vindaiti	vindaitau
3PL	vindajuut	vindajuttur
Imperative
Person	Active	Passive
2SG	vindi!	vindiqi!
3SG	vinditaa!	vinditaar!
2PL	vinditi!	vinditau!
3PL	vinduttaa!	vinduttaar!
Participles
Tense	Active	Passive
Present	vindattaq	vindumuq
Past	vandawuq	vantuq

-eh2- verbs

teepputijaat = he rules

• present: teepputijaa, tepputijaaq, teepputijaat, teepputijaamaq, teepputijaati, teepputijaat
• past: iteepputijaaqa, iteepputijaaqta, iteepputijaaqi, iteepputijaangmi, iteepputijaaqti, iteepputijaaqeer

-éye- verbs

taiseet (*doyḱ-éye-ti) = he locates, he pinpoints

• present: taisijaa, taiseeq, taiseet, taisijaamaq, taiseeti, taisijuut
• past: itaiseeqa, itaiseeqta, itaiseeqi, itaiseengmi, itaiseeqti, itaiseeqeer

Copula

• present: ingmi, iqi, iqt, ingmaq, iqti, quut
• past: iqqa, iqta, iqqi, iqami, iqati, iqqeer

Numerals

• zero: nuilluq (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillun (n.)
• I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.)
• II: tuwai (animate) tuwaa (inanimate)
• III: triiq (animate), tria (inanimate)
• IIII: kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate)
• Λ. pikkiq
• ΛΙ: whiq
• ΛΙΙ: qiptun
• ΛΙΙΙ: astaa
• ΛIIII: niwun
• Χ: tisun
• D: pikkitisun
• O: sattun
• Q: pikkisattun
• (1000): tuqsattun
• Ī (10000): zilliun
• Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tussilliun

Numerals percede nouns. As in Estonian, numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular.

Declension

ainuq declines as a singular -uq adjective; numbers ending in 5-9 or 10 are indeclinable.

tuwaa

• nom./acc./voc. tuwaa (inanimate), tuwai (animate)
• gen. tuwuun, tuun
• dat./abl./loc. tuwaavun (inanimate) tuwaivun (animate)

triiq

• nom./acc./voc. triiq (animate), tria (inanimate)
• gen. trijuun
• dat./abl. triivuq
• loc. triivi

kituariq

• nom./acc./voc. kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate)
• gen. kituaruun
• dat./abl. kituaravuq
• loc. kituaravi

Derivation

• -isuq = forms adjectives (< -ik'os)
• Verb prefixes: in-, at-, attir-, pi-, su-, san-, ik(s)-, pir-, qupir-, quu-, ...
  • Ex. from wiitit 'he sees': ikwiitit 'he identifies, he susses out', atwiitit 'he looks at', attirwiitit 'he agrees', suwiitit 'he sees to it (that)'
• -inuq = agent
• -inia (from *-nih2) = feminine agent
  • reezinia = queen, from reezaq king
• -allun (from *-tlóm) = instrument

Sample texts

Schleicher's Fable

Awiq iswaaq-ki

Awiq, jungmai walinaa neen iqqi, iwiti iswuuq, ainun karun waznun tinngattan, ainun-ki mizalun kraaman, ainun-ki zamunan asu virattan. Awiq nuu iswavuq iwaki: "Sartaq anngitur mai, witattii zamunan iswuuq asattan." Iswaaq nuu awii iwakeer: "Asauqee, awi, sartaq anngitur ammai witattavuq situt: Zamaa, teepputiq, ut awijuun walinaat karnit qai girmun wingman. Awii nuu walinaa neen iqt." Awiq nuu situt slauqaawuq in plaanun ivuki.

Hypothetical Roman transcription

AVEH·ISVACCI

AVEH·IVGMÆ·VALINA·NEN·EHHI·IVITI·ISVVH·ÆNVN·CARVN·VAZNVN·TINGATTAN·ÆNVNCI·MIZALVN·CRAMAN·ÆNVNCI·ZAMVNAN·ASV·FIRATTAN