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Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions
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Ekma is a constructed language designed to minimise grammatical errors by low amount of morphemes except for derivational morphemes. Autonym is lekmae /ˈɰekmɐ/ also spelt ekma/ekm /ˈekmɐ/. It saw to being a spoken language of another world, parallel to this world. The writing is transliteration of other writing system, is a collection of a thousand of word stems. | |||
{| Structue is V. | It basically prefered SV, CV, AN, VOS, CVC, that are subject-intransitive/self causative verb alignment, complement-verb alignment, adjective-noun alignment, transitive verb-object-subject of theme alignment, CVC syllable. Each word type, either of noun, adjective, adverb, verb, shares their minimal length of time, nouns for long, adjectives for semi long, adverbs for semi short, verbs for short. | ||
{| Structue is V.Phasewho/what eb N.Phase(to do something) (connectiona)Noun().|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
{| | | {| | | ||
{| ! <sub>Phoneme</sub> !! /m/ !! /n/ !! /ŋ/ !! /b/ !! /d/ !! /k/ !! /t͡s/ !! /ʈ͡ʂ/ !! /f/ !! /ɕ/ !! /ʂ/ !! /ɦ/ !! /ʋ/ !! /ɰ/ !! /l/ | {| ! <sub>Phoneme</sub> !! /m/ !! /n/ !! /ŋ/ !! /b/ !! /d/ !! /k/ !! /t͡s/ !! /ʈ͡ʂ/ !! /f/ !! /ɕ/ !! /ʂ/ !! /ɦ/ !! /ʋ/ !! /ɰ/ !! /l/ | ||
{| |- | {| |- | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
{| |- | {| |- | ||
{| ! <sub>Phoneme</sub> !! /iː/ !! /iːɐ̯/ !! /y/ !! /ɐi̯/ !! /ɨ/ !! /uːɐ̯/ !! /uː/ !! /ɪ/ !! /ʊ/ !! /ɛ/ !! /ø/ !! /œʏ̯/ !! /ɐ/ !! /ɐu̯/ !! /ʌ/ !! /ɔː/ !! /ä/ !! /äː{| / ! < | {| ! <sub>Phoneme</sub> !! /iː/ !! /iːɐ̯/ !! /y/ !! /ɐi̯/ !! /ɨ/ !! /uːɐ̯/ !! /uː/ !! /ɪ/ !! /ʊ/ !! /ɛ/ !! /ø/ !! /œʏ̯/ !! /ɐ/ !! /ɐu̯/ !! /ʌ/ !! /ɔː/ !! /ä/ !! /äː{| / ! <su>G</sub> !! i, ie !! ia, ië !! ü !! l !! î !! ue, vë !! v, ve !! e !! o !! é, ä !! ö !! ui !! â, a !! á !! ô !! ó !! a !! ai, ae |} | ||
{| C | {| C deses as C1.V1.C2.C3.V2. ( For about some of letters ) |} | ||
{| Letters at C1 have second honemes, conditioned by e colour of V2. /b, p/ /d, t/ /t͡s, ɡ/ /l, ʝ/. |} | {| Letters at C1 have second honemes, conditioned by e colour of V2. /b, p/ /d, t/ /t͡s, ɡ/ /l, ʝ/. |} | ||
{| Consonants at C1 have | {| Consonants at C1 have allohones. /ŋ, ɨ̃/ /b/ /d/ /t͡s, c/ /s, ɕ/ /ʋ, w/ /ʝ, j/ /l, ɰ/. |} | ||
{| Consonants at C3 have | {| Consonants at C3 have allohones. /b, p/ /d, t/ /t, ʔ/ /k, ɡ/. |} | ||
{| Vowels at V2 | {| Vowels at V2 hsonant oa vowel is after C3, |} | ||
{| V2 have been lengthen in certain manner. /i, iː/ /u, uː/ /ɛ, ei̯/ /ɔ, ou̯/ /ä, eä/. |} | {| V2 have been lengthen in certain manner. /i, iː/ /u, uː/ /ɛ, ei̯/ /ɔ, ou̯/ /ä, eä/. |} | ||
{| Valid combination of vowels stay side | {| Valid combination of vowels stay side b side, some combinatin breakes in two, /x/ is then between them. List including rare: (ee /ɛː/. eu /ɐu̯/. ei /ɛː/. eo /ɛɔ/ ea /ɛɐ̯/. ue /uːɐ̯/. uu /uxu/. ui /œʏ̯/. uo /uxɔ/. ua /uxä/. ie /iː/. iu /yː/. ii /ixi/. io /ixɔ/. ia /i̯ä/ or /iːɐ̯/. oe /ɔxɛ/. ou /ɐu̯/ or /ɔxu/. oi /ɐi̯/ or /ɔxi/. oo /ɔː/. oa /ɔxä/ ae /äː/. au /äːxu/. ai /ä/ or /äː/. ao /äːxɔ/. aa /äː/). |} | ||
{| Derivational words which attached to a word stem afterward, -zero morpheme adjective. -en monotransitive verb. -es selftransitive verb. -o adverb. -e adnoun.|} | {| Derivational words which attached to a word stem afterward, -zero morpheme adjective. -en monotransitive verb. -es selftransitive verb. -o adverb. -e adnoun.|} | ||
{| uit or xlt, vowel shifting determins which to take an dative noun or an agentive noun before it. |} | {| uit or xlt, vowel shifting determins which to take an dative noun or an agentive noun before it. |} | ||
{| Glossing abbreviations, .0 zero morpheme. 1 first person. 2 second person. 3 third person. .acc accusative. a adjective. adn adnoun. adv adverbial. caus causative verb. .com comitative. dat dative, self causative. dem demonstrative, relative, interrogative. .dim diminutive. .inst instrumental, condition. .neg negative. n noun. lat lative. .loc locative. obj objective, any complement of verb where a motion towards. ptc particle. ste stem. s subject, any complement of verb where a motion originates, possessive. agent agentive noun of transitive verb. ss same subject. v verb. .vi intransitive verb. .vt transitive verb. .t theme, vocative, topic. .vol volitive.|} | {| Glossing abbreviations, .0 zero morpheme. 1 first person. 2 second person. 3 third person. .acc accusative. a adjective. adn adnoun. adv adverbial. caus causative verb. .com comitative. dat dative, self causative. dem demonstrative, relative, interrogative. .dim diminutive. .inst instrumental, condition. .neg negative. n noun. lat lative. .loc locative. obj objective, any complement of verb where a motion towards. ptc particle. ste stem. s subject, any complement of verb where a motion originates, possessive. agent agentive noun of transitive verb. ss same subject. v verb. .vi intransitive verb. .vt transitive verb. .t theme, vocative, topic. .vol volitive.|} | ||
{| Features: CV(C). (C)V(C) if it is a morpheme. hypothised features: A | {| Features: CV(C). (C)V(C) if it is a morpheme. hypothised features: A let. Words written in a letter are verbs. Written in two, prowords. Written in three if it ends in 'n' etc, words of two letter + a morpheme. Written in three letters, any other, mostly nouns. Written in four, second may be a douplication of the first syllable, onomatopeias. | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{trans-top|(Here is under construction.)}} | {{trans-top|(Here is under construction.)}} | ||
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w (phonemic value: /ɦ/) (role: word separator) | w (phonemic value: /ɦ/) (role: word separator) | ||
e (/e/) monotransitive verb | e (/e/) monotransitive verb | ||
r ( | r (--) (verb) | ||
t ( | t (--) selftransitive verb | ||
z (/s/) towards | z (/s/, /t͡s/) towards it | ||
u (/ | u (/w/) to there | ||
i (/ | i (/j/, /i/) object of verb | ||
o (/o/) | o (/o/) also | ||
a ( | a (/ä/) noun of verb | ||
s (/ɕ/) subject of verb | s (/ɕ/) subject of verb | ||
d (/t/) out of | d (/t/) out of it | ||
f (/f/) starting from | f (/f/) starting from | ||
h (/ŋ/) done by (unlimited to perfective) | h (/ŋ/, /ɳ/) done by it (unlimited to perfective) | ||
k (/k/) close (also end close) | k (/k/) close (also end close) | ||
l (/ɰ/) (free space) | l (/ɰ/, /ɥ/) (free space) | ||
ç (/ʂ/) (free space) | ç (/ʂ/) (free space) | ||
x ( | x (--) unspecified letters | ||
c ( | c (--) (free space) | ||
v (/ | v (/f/, /u/) (free space) | ||
b (/b/) (free space) | b (/b/) (free space) | ||
n (/n/) near to | n (/n/) near to it | ||
m (/m/) with | m (/m/) with it | ||
to allograph is toc this, these | to allograph is toc this, these | ||
sa allograph is sac that kind of | sa allograph is sac that kind of | ||