Umbrean: Difference between revisions

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==Verbs==
==Verbs==
===Conjugations===
===Conjugations===
===Conjugation===
:{|{{style|center}}
! colspan=1 |
! Perfective
! Retrospective
! Prospective
! Inceptive
! Continuative
! Pausative
! Terminative
! Genericative
|-
! Past
| Aortis
| Historal Causum
| rowspan=2 | Consequentum
| Past Initio
| Colspan=2 | Ingressus
| rowspan=2 | Finitum
| rowspan=3 | Plerum
|-
! Present
| <big>—</big>
| rowspan=2 | Causum
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | Initio
| Present
| Pausa
|-
! Future
| Futurum
| Futurum Consequenta
| Futurum Initio
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | Initio
| colspan=2 | Futurum Termius
|}
The umbrean verbs are conjugated for tense, aspect, mood and voice mainly. There is a residual conjugation for person and the grammatical gender of items but much of it has been lost. The conjugation is done by a primary vowel first followed by some sounds. The primary vowel is depended on which tense, mood and which gender and or person of the subject, agent or object noun is, which of the three depends on the verb.. The vowel comes in three classes, First, Second and Third kind. The vowel table tells which vowel is used while the Voice-Aspect-Tense, VAT, table tells which set to use on which VAT combination along with the remaining sounds around.
''Circumstantial Voice'':
An important differens for the Circumstantial voice is that it requires a particle infront of the verb. The postposition that it is meant to replace is used as a particle in its naked form, no addition of affixes due to gender or person.
''Negation'':
Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is.
:{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=20 | Vowels
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
! Colspan=6 | Indicative
! Colspan=6 | Optative
! Colspan=6 | Subjunctive
|-
! colspan=2 | V<sub>1</sub>
! colspan=2 | V<sub>2</sub>
! colspan=2 | V<sub>3</sub>
! colspan=2 | V<sub>1</sub>
! colspan=2 | V<sub>2</sub>
! colspan=2 | V<sub>3</sub>
! colspan=2 | V<sub>1</sub>
! colspan=2 | V<sub>2</sub>
! colspan=2 | V<sub>3</sub>
|-
! colspan=2 |  Person
! +
! -
! +
! -
! +
! -
! +
! -
! +
! -
! +
! -
! +
! -
! +
! -
! +
! -
|-
! colspan=2 | First
<!-- Ind 1st -->
| Rowspan=3 | -ë || rowspan=5 | -ö
<!-- Ind 2nd -->
| rowspan=2 | -oo || rowspan=2 | -e
<!-- Ind 3rd -->
| -u || rowspan=3 | -ö
<!-- Opt 1st -->
| Rowspan=3 | -yy || rowspan=2 | -ë
<!-- Opt 2nd -->
| -e || rowspan=2 | -ö
<!-- Opt 3rd -->
| -e || rowspan=2 | -u
<!-- Sjv 1st-->
| -i || rowspan=3 | -u
<!-- Sjv 2nd-->
| rowspan=5 | -aa || rowspan=3 | -u
<!-- Sjv 3rd-->
| -i || rowspan=6 | -öö
|-
! colspan=2 | Second
<!-- Ind 3rd -->
| rowspan=3 | -ëë
<!-- Opt 2nd -->
| rowspan=2 | -ii
<!-- Opt 3rd -->
| rowspan=4 | -uu
<!-- Sjv 1st-->
| -a
<!-- Sjv 3rd-->
| rowspan=5 | -ë
|-
! rowspan=4 | Third
! Liv
<!-- Ind 2nd -->
| -üü || rowspan=3 | -ö
<!-- Opt 1st -->
| rowspan=2 | -e
<!-- Opt 2nd -->
| rowspan=4 | -y
<!-- Opt 3rd -->
| rowspan=4 | -ö
<!-- Sjv 1st-->
| rowspan=3 | -i
|-
! Art
<!-- Ind 1st -->
| -ii
<!-- Ind 2nd -->
| rowspan=3 | -e
<!-- Ind 3rd -->
| rowspan=3 | -ii
<!-- Opt 1st -->
| Rowspan=3 | -üü
<!-- Opt 2nd -->
| rowspan=3 | -e
<!-- Sjv 1st-->
| -üü
<!-- Sjv 2nd-->
| rowspan=3 | -öö
|-
! Non
<!-- Ind 1st -->
| -o
<!-- Ind 2nd -->
| rowspan=2 | -a
<!-- Opt 1st -->
| rowspan=2 | -aa
<!-- Sjv 1st-->
| rowspan=2 | -ö
|-
! Mag
<!-- Ind 1st -->
| -u  || -aa
<!-- Ind 2nd -->
| -ëë
<!-- Opt 3rd -->
| -aa
<!-- Sjv 1st-->
| -ëë
<!-- Sjv 2nd-->
| -ë
|}
:{|{{style|center}}
! colspan=2 |
! Perfective
! Prospective
! Retrospective
! Inceptive
! Continuative
! Pausative
! Terminative
! Genericative
|-
! rowspan=3 | Active
! Past
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''ssw <br> (<small>Aortis</small>)
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''v <br> (<small>Historal Causum</small>)
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''mjël<br>(<small>Consequentum</small>)
| -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''b <br> (<small>Past Initio</small>)
| Colspan=2 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''tsjm<br>(<small>Ingressus</small>)
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''kws <br>(<small>Finitum</small>)
| rowspan=3 | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''lwm <br>(<small>Plerum</small>)
|-
! Present
| <big>—</big>
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''zw <br> (<small>Causum</small>)
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf |  -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''ll <br> (<small>Initio</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>''' <br> (<small>Present</small>)
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''s <br>(<small>Pausa</small>)
|-
! Future
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''ŋŋl <br> (<small>Futurum</small>)
| -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''tswf<br>(<small>Futurum Consequenta</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''sn<br>(<small>Futurum Initio</small>)
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''ll <br>(<small>Initio</small>)
| colspan=2 | '''V<sub>3</sub>'''tj <br>(<small>Futurum Termius</small>)
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=2 |
! Perfective
! Retrospective
! Prospective
! Inceptive
! Continuative
! Pausative
! Terminative
! Genericative
|-
! rowspan=3 | Anti-<br>Passive
! Past
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''zvj <br> (<small>Aortis</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''vv <br> (<small>Historal Causum</small>)
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''muf<br>(<small>Consequentum</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''tff <br> (<small>Past Initio</small>)
| Colspan=2 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''ffm<br>(<small>Ingressus</small>)
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''kwf <br>(<small>Finitum</small>)
| rowspan=3 |  -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''lm <br>(<small>Plerum</small>)
|-
! Present
| <big>—</big>
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''ssf <br> (<small>Causum</small>)
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''llf <br> (<small>Initio</small>)
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''ts <br> (<small>Present</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''f <br>(<small>Pausa</small>)
|-
! Future
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''fŋ <br> (<small>Futurum</small>)
| -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''tsfj<br>(<small>Futurum Consequenta</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''fn <br>(<small>Futurum Initio</small>)
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''llf <br>(<small>Initio</small>)
| colspan=2 |  -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''twf <br>(<small>Futurum Termius</small>)
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=2 |
! Perfective
! Retrospective
! Prospective
! Inceptive
! Continuative
! Pausative
! Terminative
! Genericative
|-
! rowspan=3 | Passive
! Past
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''ššw <br> (<small>Aortis</small>)
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''vž <br> (<small>Historal Causum</small>)
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''müš <br>(<small>Consequentum</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''tš <br> (<small>Past Initio</small>)
| Colspan=2 | -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''tšm <br>(<small>Ingressus</small>)
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''kwš <br>(<small>Finitum</small>)
| rowspan=3 | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''leeš <br>(<small>Plerum</small>)
|-
! Present
| <big>—</big>
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''žž <br> (<small>Causum</small>)
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''šl <br> (<small>Initio</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''šš <br> (<small>Present</small>)
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''š <br>(<small>Pausa</small>)
|-
! Future
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''šŋ<br> (<small>Futurum</small>)
| -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''tšf  <br> (<small>Futurum Consequenta</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''šn  <br> (<small>Futurum Initio</small>)
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''šl <br> (<small>Initio</small>)
| colspan=2 | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''džw <br>(<small>Futurum Termius</small>)
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=2 |
! Perfective
! Retrospective
! Prospective
! Inceptive
! Continuative
! Pausative
! Terminative
! Genericative
|-
! rowspan=3 | Circumstantial
! Past
| -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''ǧw <br> (<small>Aortis</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>''' vvn <br>(<small>Historal Causum</small>)
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''dwamj <br>(<small>Consequentum</small>)
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''tǧ <br> (<small>Past Initio</small>)
| Colspan=2 | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''tff <br>(<small>Ingressus</small>)
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''tswëm <br>(<small>Finitum</small>)
| rowspan=3 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''ljë <br>(<small>Plerum</small>)
|-
! Present
| <big>—</big>
| rowspan=2 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''ssǧ <br> (<small>Causum</small>)
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''ǧl <br> (<small>Initio</small>)
| -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''m <br> (<small>Present</small>)
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''nn<br>(<small>Pausa</small>)
|-
! Future
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''ǧm <br> (<small>Futurum</small>)
| -'''V<sub>3</sub>'''tšǧ <br> (<small>Futurum Consequenta</small>)
| -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''šn <br> (<small>Futurum Initio</small>)
| bgcolor=#e4c0cf | -'''V<sub>2</sub>'''ǧl  <br> (<small>Initio</small>)
| colspan=2 | -'''V<sub>1</sub>'''džm <br>(<small>Futurum Termius</small>)
|}
<big>'''Mood'''</big>
The mood is conjugated on the polarity vowel and the consonant prior.
'''F''': Any Fricative
'''A''': Any Affricative
'''P''': Any plosive
'''N''': Any nasal
:{| {{style|center}}
!
! Indicative
! Optative
! Subjunctive
! Imperative
|-
! 1
| -'''F'''
| -'''F'''m
| -'''F'''mj
| -'''F'''p / '''F'''b
|-
! 2
| -'''A'''
| -'''A'''ll
| -'''A'''f / -'''A'''v
| -'''A'''p / '''A'''b
|-
! 3
| -'''P'''
| -'''P'''ff / -'''P'''vvj
| -'''P'''lw
| -'''PP'''<sup>L</sup>
|-
! 4
| -'''N'''
| -'''N'''lw
| -'''N'''ll
| -'''NN'''<sup>L</sup>
|-
! 5
| -l
| -lts
| -lǧw
| -lv
|}
<sup>L</sup>:These forms the sound is geminized.
===Participle===
===Participle===
===Gerund===
===Gerund===

Revision as of 06:43, 13 November 2012


Template:Revamp


Umbrean
Ömjytsia
Progress: 55%
Type
Fusional
Alignment
Tripartite
Head direction
Initial Mixed Final
Primary word order
Subject-object-verb
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
4
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect

History

Fantasy History

Acctual history

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labiode. Dental Alveol. Postalve. Retrofl. Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglot. Glottal
S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L. S. L.
Plosve Unvoiced Plain p
(p)		 p:
(pp) 		t
(t)		 t:
(tt) 		k
(k)		 k:
(kk)
Lab. tw
(tw)		 tw:
(ttw) 		kw
(kw)		 kw:
(kkw)
Plat. pj
(pj)		 tj
(tj)		 tj:
(ttj) 		kj
(kj)		 kj:
(kkj)
Lab-Pal tɥ
(tjw,twj)		 tɥ:
(ttjw,ttwj) 		kɥ
(kj)		 kɥ:
(kkj)
Voiced Plain b
(b)		 b:
(bb) 		d
(d)		 d:
(dd) 		g
(g)		 g:
(gg)
Lab. bw
(bw)		 dw
(dw)		 dw:
(ddw) 		gw
(gw)		 gw:
(ggw)
Plat. dj
(dj)		 dj:
(ddj) 		gj
(gg)		 gj:
(ggj)
Lab-Pal dɥ
(dwj, djw)		 dɥ:
(ddwj, ddjw) 		gɥ
(gwj,gjw)		 gɥ:
(ggwj,ggjw)
Affricative Unvoiced Plain t͡s
(ts) 		t͡ʃ
(tš)
Lab. t͡sw
(tsw) 		t͡ʃw
(tšw)
Plat. t͡sj
(tsj)
Lab-Pal t͡sɥ
(tsjw,tswj)
Voiced Plain d͡z
(dz) 		d͡ʒ
(dž)
Lab. d͡z w
(dzw) 		d͡ʒ w
(džw)
Plat. d͡zj
(dzj)
Lab-Pal d͡zɥ
(dzjw,dzwj)
Fricative Unvoiced Plain
Lab.
Plat.
Lab-Pal
Voiced Plain
Lab.
Plat.
Lab-Pal
Nasal Plain
Lab.
Plat.
Glides Lateral Appr. Plain
Lab.
Plat.
Lab-Pal

Vowels

border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style=" height: 171px;"
Front Near front Central Near back Back
Close i (i) y (y) ɨ (i) ʉ (u) u (ü)
Near-close e (e)
Close-mid ɛ (ë) ɵ (ö) o (o)
Mid
Open-mid ɛ (ë) œ (ö) o (ɔ)
Near-open
Open a (a) ɑ (a) ɒ(a)

Pitch-Accent

Primary stress[*] is realised with an increase in the pitch[*], while secondary stress has a decrease in the pitch.

Primary and secondary stress are both predictable accoridng to these rules and Primary stress always goes before secondary, that is if primary stress and secondary stress were to overlap the primary stress will be the one that is realised.

Primary

  • Monosyllabic
  • Ultima - Consonant ending
    • Penult - Vowel Ending

Secondary

  • First - Consonant begining
    • Second - Vowel begining
  • Ultima - Vowel Ending
1 Syllable
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1
2 Syllables
C- -C
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2
2 Syllables
V- -C
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2
2 Syllables
C- -V
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2
2 Syllables
V- -V
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2
3 Syllables
C- -C
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3
3 Syllables
V- -C
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3
3 Syllables
C- -V
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3
3 Syllables
V- -V
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3
4 Syllables
C- -C
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3 4
4 Syllables
V- -C
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3 4
4 Syllables
C- -V
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3 4
4 Syllables
V- -V
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3 4
n>4 Syllables
C- -C
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3->n-2 n-1 n
n>4 Syllables
V- -C
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3->n-2 n-1 n
n>4 Syllables
C- -V
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3->n-2 n-1 n
n>4 Syllables
V- -V
Pitch High
Normal
Low
Syllable 1 2 3->n-2 n-1 n

Phonotactics

Verbs

Conjugations

Conjugation

Perfective Retrospective Prospective Inceptive Continuative Pausative Terminative Genericative
Past Aortis Historal Causum Consequentum Past Initio Ingressus Finitum Plerum
Present — Causum Initio Present Pausa
Future Futurum Futurum Consequenta Futurum Initio Initio Futurum Termius


The umbrean verbs are conjugated for tense, aspect, mood and voice mainly. There is a residual conjugation for person and the grammatical gender of items but much of it has been lost. The conjugation is done by a primary vowel first followed by some sounds. The primary vowel is depended on which tense, mood and which gender and or person of the subject, agent or object noun is, which of the three depends on the verb.. The vowel comes in three classes, First, Second and Third kind. The vowel table tells which vowel is used while the Voice-Aspect-Tense, VAT, table tells which set to use on which VAT combination along with the remaining sounds around.

Circumstantial Voice:

An important differens for the Circumstantial voice is that it requires a particle infront of the verb. The postposition that it is meant to replace is used as a particle in its naked form, no addition of affixes due to gender or person.

Negation:

Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is.

Vowels
Indicative Optative Subjunctive
V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3
Person + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
First -ë -ö -oo -e -u -ö -yy -ë -e -ö -e -u -i -u -aa -u -i -öö
Second -ëë -ii -uu -a -ë
Third Liv -üü -ö -e -y -ö -i
Art -ii -e -ii -üü -e -üü -öö
Non -o -a -aa -ö
Mag -u -aa -ëë -aa -ëë -ë
Perfective Prospective Retrospective Inceptive Continuative Pausative Terminative Genericative
Active Past -V1ssw
(Aortis) 		-V2v
(Historal Causum) 		-V1mjël
(Consequentum) 		-V3b
(Past Initio) 		-V1tsjm
(Ingressus) 		-V1kws
(Finitum) 		-V2lwm
(Plerum)
Present — -V1zw
(Causum) 		-V2ll
(Initio) 		-V1
(Present) 		-V2s
(Pausa)
Future -V2ŋŋl
(Futurum) 		-V3tswf
(Futurum Consequenta) 		-V1sn
(Futurum Initio) 		-V2ll
(Initio) 		V3tj
(Futurum Termius)
Perfective Retrospective Prospective Inceptive Continuative Pausative Terminative Genericative
Anti-
Passive 		Past -V1zvj
(Aortis) 		-V1vv
(Historal Causum) 		-V2muf
(Consequentum) 		-V1tff
(Past Initio) 		-V1ffm
(Ingressus) 		-V3kwf
(Finitum) 		-V2lm
(Plerum)
Present — -V3ssf
(Causum) 		-V2llf
(Initio) 		-V2ts
(Present) 		-V1f
(Pausa)
Future -V1fŋ
(Futurum) 		-V3tsfj
(Futurum Consequenta) 		-V1fn
(Futurum Initio) 		-V2llf
(Initio) 		-V2twf
(Futurum Termius)
Perfective Retrospective Prospective Inceptive Continuative Pausative Terminative Genericative
Passive Past -V1ššw
(Aortis) 		-V2vž
(Historal Causum) 		-V2müš
(Consequentum) 		-V1tš
(Past Initio) 		-V3tšm
(Ingressus) 		-V3kwš
(Finitum) 		-V2leeš
(Plerum)
Present — -V3žž
(Causum) 		-V2šl
(Initio) 		-V1šš
(Present) 		-V2š
(Pausa)
Future -V2šŋ
(Futurum) 		-V3tšf
(Futurum Consequenta) 		-V1šn
(Futurum Initio) 		-V2šl
(Initio) 		-V2džw
(Futurum Termius)
Perfective Retrospective Prospective Inceptive Continuative Pausative Terminative Genericative
Circumstantial Past -V3ǧw
(Aortis) 		-V1 vvn
(Historal Causum) 		-V1dwamj
(Consequentum) 		-V2tǧ
(Past Initio) 		-V2tff
(Ingressus) 		-V3tswëm
(Finitum) 		-V1ljë
(Plerum)
Present — -V1ssǧ
(Causum) 		-V2ǧl
(Initio) 		-V1m
(Present) 		-V2nn
(Pausa)
Future -V2ǧm
(Futurum) 		-V3tšǧ
(Futurum Consequenta) 		-V2šn
(Futurum Initio) 		-V2ǧl
(Initio) 		-V1džm
(Futurum Termius)

Mood

The mood is conjugated on the polarity vowel and the consonant prior.

F: Any Fricative

A: Any Affricative

P: Any plosive

N: Any nasal

Indicative Optative Subjunctive Imperative
1 -F -Fm -Fmj -Fp / Fb
2 -A -All -Af / -Av -Ap / Ab
3 -P -Pff / -Pvvj -Plw -PPL
4 -N -Nlw -Nll -NNL
5 -l -lts -lǧw -lv

L:These forms the sound is geminized.

Participle

Gerund

Supine

Modal Forms

Nominalization

Ditransitive Verbs

Nouns

Declension

Possession

Adjective

Declension

Predicate

Postposition

Pro-Forms

Personal Pronouns

Modality

Dictionary

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