Heleasic

Heleasic
ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ
Pronunciation	[/hlizì glɑ̂t/]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Lõis
Native speakers	90 million (2015)
Language family	Indo-European Hellenic Ancient Greek Heleasic

Heleasic (natively: ἡ ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ ha hlizì gglât /hə hlizì glɑ̂t/) is a tonal descendant of Ancient Greek spoken in Lõis's East India, inspired by Khmer, Hebrew and English. It has final stress and 3 tones. The name of the language comes from Heleasia (Ὲλεασία Hiljazía /hlizíə/ < PIE *séles-wn-tih₂, ~ Sanskrit Sarasvatī), a mystical river found in L-Ancient Greek legends.

Numbers: hɛ́n, tʰŷ, trê, tɪsə́ɹ, pɛ́nt, hɛ́s, hɛ̀ft, oxtɑ́, ɪnêɪ, tʰɛ̂

Apology, first sentence:

/pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪz/

how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRES

How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...

[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα]

koɹɪzɑ̀ 'know' is from χωρίζω 'separate, divide, distinguish'

Diachronics

When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop)

πτερόν pterón > πτερ ftèɹ 'wing'

ξηρός xērós > ξηρ sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry'

θέμα théma > θέμ tʰém 'thing'; pl. θέματα thémata > tʰémàð > θεμᾶτ tʰɪmâð 'things'

Phonology

Consonants

• Stops: p b ph f v t d th θ ð k g kh x (ʔ)
• Fricatives: s z sh h
• Resonants: m n l r (w)

Vowels

/ɐ ɛ o ɪ ə ɑ æ e i u y iə uə aɪ eɪ aʊ oʊ əɹ æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ yɹ ʊɹ/

Only /ə əɹ o ɪ/ may occur in unstressed syllables.

Tones

Heleasic has 3 tones: high, low, and falling.

Morphology

Pronouns

• 1sg: γω ga
• 2sg: συ sy
• 3sg: τος/τη/το thos/thæ/tho
• 4: κειν kheen
• 1pl: μεις mees
• 2pl: σεις sees
• 3pl: τοι thei (common)/τα tha (neuter)

low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic

Nouns

Declension

Cases: Nominative and oblique

Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)'

NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂ph; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹophì

OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹophù; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹophɑ̂n

• nom. ho, hæ (L), to; pl. hei, hei, ta
• obl. tu (L), tē, tu (L), pl. tô (N)

Possessive suffixes

1sg: -(e)m

2sg: -(e)s

3sg: -(e)t

1pl: -men

2pl: -sen

3pl: -ten

Verbs

Verbs lost personal inflection but retained many of the Ancient Greek tenses: infinitive, present, imperfect, perfect, future imperfect, future perfect, conditional, conditional perfect, imperative

Verbs have passive forms, inherited from the Ancient Greek passive -ται and -το.

• 'to instruct': phdówin, phdów, ephdów, pephdôwg, phdówz, pephdówks, phdówi, pephdôwgi, phdów! /pʰdǒwɪn, pʰdǒw, ʔəpʰdôw, pəpʰdôwg, pʰdǒwz, pəpʰdôwks, pʰdǒwɪ, pəpʰdôwgɪ/
  • 'to be instructed': phdówte, phdówet, ephdówet, pephdôwget, phdówzet, pephdówkset, phdówit, pephdôwgit, phdówet! /pʰdǒwtə, pʰdǒwət, ʔəpʰdôwət, pəpʰdôwət, pʰdǒwzət, pəpʰdôwksət, pʰdǒwɪt, pəpʰdôwgɪt/