Umbrean

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Umbrean Ömjytsia
Progress: 55%
Type
Fusional
Alignment
Tripartite
Head direction
Initial	Mixed		Final
Primary word order
Subject-object-verb
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
4
Nouns decline according to...
Case		Number
Definiteness		Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice		Mood
Person		Number
Tense		Aspect

Phonology

Consonants

			Bilabial		Labiode.		Dental		Alveol.		Postalve.		Retrofl.		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyn.		Epiglot.		Glottal
			S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.	S.	L.
Plosve	Unvoiced	Plain	p (p)	p: (pp)			t (t)			t: (tt)							k (k)	k: (kk)
		Lab.					tw (tw)			tw: (ttw)							kw (kw)	kw: (kkw)
		Plat.	pj (pj)				tj (tj)			tj: (ttj)							kj (kj)	kj: (kkj)
		Lab-Pal					tɥ (tjw,twj)			tɥ: (ttjw,ttwj)							kɥ (kj)	kɥ: (kkj)
	Voiced	Plain	b (b)	b: (bb)			d (d)			d: (dd)							g (g)	g: (gg)
		Lab.	bw (bw)				dw (dw)			dw: (ddw)							gw (gw)	gw: (ggw)
		Plat.					dj (dj)			dj: (ddj)							gj (gg)	gj: (ggj)
		Lab-Pal					dɥ (dwj, djw)			dɥ: (ddwj, ddjw)							gɥ (gwj,gjw)	gɥ: (ggwj,ggjw)
Affricative	Unvoiced	Plain							t͡s (ts)		t͡ʃ (tš)
		Lab.							t͡sw (tsw)		t͡ʃw (tšw)
		Plat.							t͡sj (tsj)
		Lab-Pal							t͡sɥ (tsjw,tswj)
	Voiced	Plain							d͡z (dz)		d͡ʒ (dž)
		Lab.							d͡z w (dzw)		d͡ʒ w (džw)
		Plat.							d͡zj (dzj)
		Lab-Pal							d͡zɥ (dzjw,dzwj)
Fricative	Unvoiced	Plain
		Lab.
		Plat.
		Lab-Pal
	Voiced	Plain
		Lab.
		Plat.
		Lab-Pal
Nasal		Plain
		Lab.
		Plat.
Glides	Lateral Appr.	Plain
		Lab.
		Plat.
		Lab-Pal

Vowels

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	Front		Near front	Central		Near back	Back
Close	i (i)	y (y)		ɨ (i)	ʉ (u)			u (ü)
Near-close	e (e)
Close-mid				ɛ (ë)	ɵ (ö)			o (o)
Mid
Open-mid	ɛ (ë)	œ (ö)						o (ɔ)
Near-open
Open	a (a)						ɑ (a)	ɒ(a)

Pitch-Accent

Primary stress^[*] is realised with an increase in the pitch^[*], while secondary stress has a decrease in the pitch.

Primary and secondary stress are both predictable accoridng to these rules and Primary stress always goes before secondary, that is if primary stress and secondary stress were to overlap the primary stress will be the one that is realised.

Primary

• Monosyllabic
• Ultima - Consonant ending
  • Penult - Vowel Ending

Secondary

• First - Consonant begining
  • Second - Vowel begining
• Ultima - Vowel Ending

1 Syllable
Pitch	High
	Normal
	Low
Syllable		1

2 Syllables C- -C Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2

2 Syllables V- -C Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2

2 Syllables C- -V Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2

2 Syllables V- -V Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2

3 Syllables C- -C Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3

3 Syllables V- -C Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3

3 Syllables C- -V Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3

3 Syllables V- -V Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3

4 Syllables C- -C Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3 4

4 Syllables V- -C Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3 4

4 Syllables C- -V Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3 4

4 Syllables V- -V Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3 4

n>4 Syllables C- -C Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3->n-2 n-1 n

n>4 Syllables V- -C Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3->n-2 n-1 n

n>4 Syllables C- -V Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3->n-2 n-1 n

n>4 Syllables V- -V Pitch High Normal Low Syllable 1 2 3->n-2 n-1 n

Phonotactics

Verbs

Conjugation

	Perfective	Retrospective	Prospective	Inceptive	Continuative	Pausative	Terminative	Genericative
Past	Aortis	Historal Causum	Consequentum	Past Initio	Ingressus		Finitum	Plerum
Present	—	Causum		Initio	Present	Pausa
Future	Futurum		Futurum Consequenta	Futurum Initio	Initio	Futurum Termius

The umbrean verbs are conjugated for tense, aspect, mood and voice mainly. There is a residual conjugation for person and the grammatical gender of items but much of it has been lost. The conjugation is done by a primary vowel first followed by some sounds. The primary vowel is depended on which tense, mood and which gender and or person of the subject, agent or object noun is, which of the three depends on the verb.. The vowel comes in three classes, First, Second and Third kind. The vowel table tells which vowel is used while the Voice-Aspect-Tense, VAT, table tells which set to use on which VAT combination along with the remaining sounds around.

Circumstantial Voice:

An important differens for the Circumstantial voice is that it requires a particle infront of the verb. The postposition that it is meant to replace is used as a particle in its naked form, no addition of affixes due to gender or person.

Negation:

Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is.

Vowels
		Indicative						Optative						Subjunctive
		V1		V2		V3		V1		V2		V3		V1		V2		V3
Person		+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-
First		-ë	-ö	-oo	-e	-u	-ö	-yy	-ë	-e	-ö	-e	-u	-i	-u	-aa	-u	-i	-öö
Second						-ëë				-ii		-uu		-a				-ë
Third	Liv			-üü	-ö				-e		-y		-ö	-i
	Art	-ii		-e			-ii	-üü		-e					-üü		-öö
	Non	-o				-a			-aa						-ö
	Mag	-u	-aa		-ëë							-aa		-ëë		-ë

		Perfective	Prospective	Retrospective	Inceptive	Continuative	Pausative	Terminative	Genericative
Active	Past	-V1ssw (Aortis)	-V2v (Historal Causum)	-V1mjël (Consequentum)	-V3b (Past Initio)	-V1tsjm (Ingressus)		-V1kws (Finitum)	-V2lwm (Plerum)
	Present	—	-V1zw (Causum)		-V2ll (Initio)	-V1 (Present)	-V2s (Pausa)
	Future	-V2ŋŋl (Futurum)		-V3tswf (Futurum Consequenta)	-V1sn (Futurum Initio)	-V2ll (Initio)	V3tj (Futurum Termius)
		Perfective	Retrospective	Prospective	Inceptive	Continuative	Pausative	Terminative	Genericative
Anti- Passive	Past	-V1zvj (Aortis)	-V1vv (Historal Causum)	-V2muf (Consequentum)	-V1tff (Past Initio)	-V1ffm (Ingressus)		-V3kwf (Finitum)	-V2lm (Plerum)
	Present	—	-V3ssf (Causum)		-V2llf (Initio)	-V2ts (Present)	-V1f (Pausa)
	Future	-V1fŋ (Futurum)		-V3tsfj (Futurum Consequenta)	-V1fn (Futurum Initio)	-V2llf (Initio)	-V2twf (Futurum Termius)
		Perfective	Retrospective	Prospective	Inceptive	Continuative	Pausative	Terminative	Genericative
Passive	Past	-V1ššw (Aortis)	-V2vž (Historal Causum)	-V2müš (Consequentum)	-V1tš (Past Initio)	-V3tšm (Ingressus)		-V3kwš (Finitum)	-V2leeš (Plerum)
	Present	—	-V3žž (Causum)		-V2šl (Initio)	-V1šš (Present)	-V2š (Pausa)
	Future	-V2šŋ (Futurum)		-V3tšf (Futurum Consequenta)	-V1šn (Futurum Initio)	-V2šl (Initio)	-V2džw (Futurum Termius)
		Perfective	Retrospective	Prospective	Inceptive	Continuative	Pausative	Terminative	Genericative
Circumstantial	Past	-V3ǧw (Aortis)	-V1 vvn (Historal Causum)	-V1dwamj (Consequentum)	-V2tǧ (Past Initio)	-V2tff (Ingressus)		-V3tswëm (Finitum)	-V1ljë (Plerum)
	Present	—	-V1ssǧ (Causum)		-V2ǧl (Initio)	-V1m (Present)	-V2nn (Pausa)
	Future	-V2ǧm (Futurum)		-V3tšǧ (Futurum Consequenta)	-V2šn (Futurum Initio)	-V2ǧl (Initio)	-V1džm (Futurum Termius)

Mood

The mood is conjugated on the polarity vowel and the consonant prior.

F: Any Fricative

A: Any Affricative

P: Any plosive

N: Any nasal

	Indicative	Optative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1	-F	-Fm	-Fmj	-Fp / Fb
2	-A	-All	-Af / -Av	-Ap / Ab
3	-P	-Pff / -Pvvj	-Plw	-PPL
4	-N	-Nlw	-Nll	-NNL
5	-l	-lts	-lǧw	-lv

^L:These forms the sound is geminized.

Participle

Gerund

Supine

Modal Forms

Nominalization

Ditransitive Verbs

Nouns

Declension

Possession

Adjective

Declension

Predicate

Postposition

Pro-Forms

Personal Pronouns

Modality

Dictionary