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#Recommended introductory reading | #Recommended introductory reading | ||
::* [[ | ::* [[wikipedia:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European language]] at Wikipedia | ||
::* Donald Ringe's ''From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic'' (2006), ISBN 9780199284139 | ::* Donald Ringe's ''From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic'' (2006), ISBN 9780199284139 | ||
::* Mallory, JP; Adams, DQ ''The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World'' (2006), ISBN 9780199296682 | ::* Mallory, JP; Adams, DQ ''The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World'' (2006), ISBN 9780199296682 | ||
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If you find that making romlangs, germlangs, slavlangs, sinolangs, celtlangs just a bit too constraining, the option of making up your own base on which to experiment further on is a safe bet for fun! The reasons for engaging in diachronic conlanging with PIE as point of origin are many and varied - just like the results. By building your own branch of the Indo-European tree you'll have lots of exciting moments dealing with concepts like common innovations, isoglosses, borrowings, conservatism-innovation, and so on. | If you find that making romlangs, germlangs, slavlangs, sinolangs, celtlangs just a bit too constraining, the option of making up your own base on which to experiment further on is a safe bet for fun! The reasons for engaging in diachronic conlanging with PIE as point of origin are many and varied - just like the results. By building your own branch of the Indo-European tree you'll have lots of exciting moments dealing with concepts like common innovations, isoglosses, borrowings, conservatism-innovation, and so on. | ||
This chapter assumes a basic understanding of concepts such as [[ | This chapter assumes a basic understanding of concepts such as [[wikipedia:phoneme|phoneme]], [[wikipedia:allophone|allophone]], [[wikipedia:Ablaut|ablaut]], [[wikipedia:Word order|word order]], and so on. | ||
===The processes of change and their effects=== | ===The processes of change and their effects=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | !rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | ||
!rowspan="2"|[[ | !rowspan="2"|[[wikipedia:labial consonant|Labial]] | ||
!rowspan="2"|[[ | !rowspan="2"|[[wikipedia:coronal consonant|Coronal]] | ||
!colspan="3"|[[ | !colspan="3"|[[wikipedia:dorsal consonant|Dorsal]] | ||
!rowspan="2"|[[ | !rowspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Laryngeal theory|Laryngeal]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>palatal</small> | !<small>palatal</small> | ||
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!<small>labial</small> | !<small>labial</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|[[ | !colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Nasal stop|Nasal]] | ||
| align=center | *{{PIE|m}} | | align=center | *{{PIE|m}} | ||
| align=center | *{{PIE|n}} | | align=center | *{{PIE|n}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="3"|[[ | !rowspan="3"|[[wikipedia:Plosive consonant|Plosive]] ||<small> | ||
[[ | [[wikipedia:Voiceless consonant|voiceless]]</small> | ||
| align=center | *{{PIE|p}} | | align=center | *{{PIE|p}} | ||
| align=center | *{{PIE|t}} | | align=center | *{{PIE|t}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!<small>[[ | !<small>[[wikipedia:Voiced consonant|voiced]]</small> | ||
| align=center | (*{{PIE|b}}) | | align=center | (*{{PIE|b}}) | ||
| align=center | *{{PIE|d}} | | align=center | *{{PIE|d}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!<small>[[ | !<small>[[wikipedia:aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]]</small> | ||
| align=center | *{{PIE|bʰ}} | | align=center | *{{PIE|bʰ}} | ||
| align=center | *{{PIE|dʰ}} | | align=center | *{{PIE|dʰ}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|[[ | !colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ||
| | | | ||
| align=center | *{{PIE|s}} | | align=center | *{{PIE|s}} | ||
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| align=center | {{PIE|*h₁, *h₂, *h₃}} | | align=center | {{PIE|*h₁, *h₂, *h₃}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|[[ | !colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:liquid consonant|Liquid]] | ||
| | | | ||
| align=center | {{PIE|*r, *l}} | | align=center | {{PIE|*r, *l}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|[[ | !colspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | ||
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