Verse:Irta/English/Non-Azalic etyma

A list of English words not inherited from Proto-Azalic. (with etymologies different from Earth etymologies)

Most Arabic loans in English instead come from an unrelated Camalic language.

Semitic

• dint as in by dint of from Togarmite dint 'judgment, sentence', from the root √d-(j)-n 'to opine, to judge'
• main meaning 'high seas' from Togarmite mein 'water' (cognate to Hebrew מים máyim)
• siren from Togarmite seiran 'alarm, smoke signal' from the root √s-(j)-r 'to call, to warn' (hypothetical cognate to Hebrew שר shar 'to sing').
• weird from Togarmic wierd 'conspicuous' < OTog wėrēd, active participle of warād 'to appear, to descend'
• fellow from OTog φallāh
• sure, ensure, assure, insure from Togarmite yšur (related to Hebrew אישר ʔiššér 'to confirm' and אשר ʔăšer a relativizer originally meaning 'place')
• ennui from Togarmite anúj 'angst', originally 'suffering' in Early Modern Togarmite but it fell out of use and was revived as a philosophical term meaning 'existential angst'; in turn borrowed from Cubrite ąnúy, ~ Hebrew עינוי (hā-)ʕinnuy 'torment, torture' (root ʕ-n-y "poor, affliction", doublet of native Togarmite ȝanėþ 'to need')
• elite from Aramaic עליתא ʕelitå "upper story"
• keen meaning 'to wail, to lament' from Cubrite kín 'weeping, lament', from Hebrew קינה *kʼīnā 'lament'; a common synonym of 'mourn, lament' in Jewish English, influenced by the Hebrew
• host (first used as a verb 'to provide hospitality') from Cubrite hóst 'hospitality, accommodation; things provided for such purpose' < Early Modern *hást (trap-bath) < Ancient Cubrite ħast "generosity, kindness" ~ Hebrew חסד 'grace' (TibH ħéseḋ)
• dude from Cubrite túd 'bro' ~ Hebrew דוד *dōd 'beloved'
• mesmerize from Togarmite myzmerezi "to play the myzmer"
• hobby from Togarmite habi

Azalic

• umlaut /ʌm.laʊt/ from Đâu-Gequơxi âmlaut?

Indo-Iranian and Mixolydian

• bad, from Naušahri bad
• shelter, from Mixolydian šelter <- šeltrą, ultimately from ḱel-dʰrom
• curry, from Mixolydian kari <- karyą, ultimately from gʷʰor-yom (lit. "warm" or "cooked")
• vessel, from Mixolydian vesel <- veslą, ultimately from *weǵʰ-slom (cognate with Czech veslo "oar")
• sauna from Mixolydian snono <- PIE sneh2on-eh2
• path from Mixolydian paθ, from Old Nomadic Mixolydian paθą "flight", from PIE poth2om
• karma from Mitanni kármə

Italo-Celtic and Greek

• land, from Gaulish landā <- *lendʰ
• island, from Norman isle and Gaulish landā
• tread, trot; ultimately from Proto-Celtic *tregess "foot"
• eigenvalue <- Galatian aegen <- h₂eyḱ-iHn-eh₂
• fiddle <- Latin fidicula <- fidēs <- Greek sphídē
• pasta <- Latin pasta, via Greek
• embassy <- Kwenya εμβασεια ëmbasia <- Proto-Celtic ambaxtyā
• ambassador <- Kwenya εμβασειαδηρ ëmbasiadyar <- Greek -αδης
• almond <- An Bhlaoighne amhlaindh <- Kwenya αμυνδαλη amwindalya <- Greek amygdalē (gd -> nd is a regular sound change in Kwenya)

Qivattutannguaq

• zillion from zilliun '10,000', via Hellenic

Camalic

• dance, from Padmanābha danseo, from the root dan (rhythm; onomatopoetic)
• wife from Padmanābha wayeoph (lady, Mrs.)
• canola from L-Arabic
• saga from L-Arabic sāgā
• fiasco <- An Bhlaoighne fias có
• trumpet from Padmanābha
• pizza from L-Arabic pītsa, diminutive of pīta from Greek?

Padmanábha? L-Arabic? fíl "to feel" twitj "to twitch" wíd "weed" rén "rain" gárlic, líc "garlic, leek" brod "broad" síl "seal" slíp "to sleep" hapí "happy" sjtik "word, utterance" (-> shtick) sjpil "game"

Palkhan

Most words that come from Italian in our timeline come from Palkhan.

• dolma from Palkhan ḍōlma-dākiya "grape leaf"
• sushi from Naušahri suši <- suš "seaweed", from Palkhan sūṣa "seaweed"
• pilaf from Naušahri pelav, from Palkhan pilāv- "to mix"
• extravaganza from Palkhan kṣṭravagāṃza, from Latin extrāvagantia
• balcony from Palkhan balakōṇi
• stanza from Palkhan ṣṭhāṃza "thesis", semantically drifted from Latin stāntia
• patio from Palkhan paṭṭiya "lawn"
• mezzanine from Palkhan majjhaṇīna, from Vulgar Latin *mediānīnus
• veranda from Palkhan varāṇḍa
• imbroglio and embroil from Palkhan imbrōḷya, from imbra "to confuse" (embroil was influenced by the native verb broil <- PAz bhruq̇el-)
• zucchini from Palkhan zukkīṇa, from Palkhan zukka "bottle gourd"
• flu; influenza from Palkhan infḷuyaṃza, from Latin influentia

Ex nihilo

• glissando, originally a phonetics term