Classical Talothic: Difference between revisions
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== Verbs == | == Verbs == | ||
Talothic verbs have lexical aspect, meaning that verbs are inherently marked with either the [[w:Imperfective aspect|imperfective]] or [[w:Perfective aspect|perfective]] aspects. | Talothic verbs have lexical aspect, meaning that verbs are inherently marked with either the [[w:Imperfective aspect|imperfective]] or [[w:Perfective aspect|perfective]] aspects. Furthermore, these aspects may be combined with the [[w:Present tense|present]], [[w:Past tense|past]], and [[w:Aorist|aorist]] tenses to form compound tenses. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;" | |||
|+caption | Talothic compound tenses | |||
|- | |||
! Aspect | |||
! Tense | |||
! Compound | |||
! Example | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| rowspan="3" | Imperfective | |||
| Present | |||
| Present | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''ékhei-si lekton (ékhi-si lekhto)''—'I am holding the bundle' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| Past | |||
| Imperfect | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''eîkhi-si lekton (íkhi-si lekhto)''—'I was holding the bundle' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| colspan="2" | Aorist | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''eíkhī-si lekton (íkhi-si lekhto)''—'I held the bundle' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| rowspan="3" | Perfective | |||
| Present | |||
| Future | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''keídei-si zugatá (kídhi-si zyghatá)''—'I will cut the cord' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| Past | |||
| Preterite | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''ekeîdes-si zugatá (kídhes-si zyghatá)''—'I have cut the cord' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| colspan="2" | Aorist | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | ''ékides-si zugatá (ékidhes-si zyghatá)''—'I cut the cord' | |||
|} | |||
Revision as of 13:39, 17 March 2020
| Dalitian | |
|---|---|
| talothíkos | |
| ýta talothíki | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|ˈy.ta ta.loˈθi.ci]] |
| Created by | Limius |
| Setting | Avrid |
| Native to | Dalitia |
| Ethnicity | Talothic |
Maro-Ephenian
| |
Early forms | Proto-Maro-Ephenian
|
Dalitian, also known as Talothic, or ýta talothíki (Talothic language) is a Maro-Ephenian Language spoken primarily by about 5 million people in Dalitia, as well as small communities throughout Avrid. It is closely related to Aeranir, and throughout history was considered an important language for art, trade, and philosophy.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiced | mh /m̥/ |
nh /n̥/ |
||
| voiceless | m /m/ |
n /n/ |
|||
| Stop | aspirate | ph /pʰ/ |
th /tʰ/ |
kh /kʰ/ |
|
| plain | p /p/ |
t /t/ |
k /k/ |
||
| voiced | b /b/ |
d /d/ |
g /g/ |
||
| Fricative | s /s/ |
h /h/ | |||
| Trill | voiceless | rh /r̥/ |
|||
| voiced | r /r/ |
||||
| Approximate | voiceless | lh /l̥/ |
|||
| voiced | l /l/ |
||||
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ |
n /n/ |
|||
| Stop | voiceless | p /p/ |
t /t/ |
k /k/ | |
| voiced/ prenasal |
b /ᵐb/ |
d /ⁿd/ |
g /ᵑɡ/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ |
th /θ/ |
s /s/ |
kh /x/ |
| voiced | v /v/ |
dh /ð/ |
z /z/ |
gh /ɣ/ | |
| Trill | r /r/ |
||||
| Approximate | l /l/ |
||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| long | short | long | short | long | short | |
| Close | i /i/ |
ī /iː/ |
u /ʉ/ |
ū /ʉː/ |
||
| Mid-close | e /e/ |
ei /eː/ |
o /o/ |
ou /oː/ | ||
| Mid-open | ē /ɛː/ |
ō /ɔː/ | ||||
| Open | a /ä/ |
ā /äː/ |
||||
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | round | |||
| Close | i /i/ |
y /y/ |
u /u/ | |
| Mid | e /e̞/ |
o /o̞/ | ||
| Open | a /ä/ |
|||
Verbs
Talothic verbs have lexical aspect, meaning that verbs are inherently marked with either the imperfective or perfective aspects. Furthermore, these aspects may be combined with the present, past, and aorist tenses to form compound tenses.
| Aspect | Tense | Compound | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective | Present | Present | ékhei-si lekton (ékhi-si lekhto)—'I am holding the bundle' |
| Past | Imperfect | eîkhi-si lekton (íkhi-si lekhto)—'I was holding the bundle' | |
| Aorist | eíkhī-si lekton (íkhi-si lekhto)—'I held the bundle' | ||
| Perfective | Present | Future | keídei-si zugatá (kídhi-si zyghatá)—'I will cut the cord' |
| Past | Preterite | ekeîdes-si zugatá (kídhes-si zyghatá)—'I have cut the cord' | |
| Aorist | ékides-si zugatá (ékidhes-si zyghatá)—'I cut the cord' | ||