Tameï

Tameï
намұш Тамеи
Pronunciation	[[ˈnɑmuɕ tɑmeˈi]]
Created by	Lili21
Date	Dec 2017
Setting	alt-Earth
Ethnicity	Tameï
Native speakers	42,000,000 (2017)
Language family	Isolate Tameï
Official status
Regulated by	Central National Committee of the Tameïan Language (комитеты главны ланньешыръ намұшыр Тамеи - КГЛНТ)

Tameï (Тамеи [tɑmeˈi] or намұш Тамеи [ˈnɑmuɕ tɑmeˈi]) is a language isolate spoken in the Tameï Islands (хямша Тамеи [ˈxjæmɕæ tɑmeˈi]), an independent volcanic archipelago country in the Indian Ocean, along the Ninety East Ridge, about 1000 km WSW of Sumatra and roughly halfway between Sri Lanka and the Australian territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

Tameï is Earth's second most spoken language isolate (after Korean), being the native tongue of about 42 million people, mostly in the Tameï Islands but also in countries of the former USSR. Tameï is one of two official languages in the country - the Tameïan People's Socialist Republic (officially Репұбылихы Социалистически Ланньыр Тамеи and Социалистическая Республика Тамеиского Народа) as Russian is still official for historical and cultural reasons, despite actual Russian native speakers being only 1% of the Tameï population.

Despite fairly regular contacts with the peoples of Indonesia through centuries, the first major external influence in the Tameï Islands came with the first Western contact in 1559 through a French expedition by Bénoit de Neuilly on the ship L'Orléanaise. Established in 1602 as a French colony, the Tameï islands remained under French rule until 1814, when they were conquered by the British. They remained a British colony until the Communist Revolution of 1934 which saw the Tameï Islands, extremely rich in raw materials, become an important partner of the USSR, a role fulfilled until the dawn of the 21st century, with multi-party elections first being allowed in 1999. Self-defined Tameï people (even if heavily intermixed with other groups) are the majority, forming 57% of the population; there are also substantial Pashtun (21%) and Punjabi (13%) components. Religiously, there is no absolute majority; the largest religion is Sufi Islam, followed by 30% of the population, with atheism or irreligiousness (28%) and more or less syncretic modern forms of Tameï shamanism (24%) also being relevant percentages.

This history, and the varied ethnic composition of the Tameï state (which saw a large influx of West and South Asians during the British period, as well as European communists during the 20th century), are reflected in its language, which has up to 20% of its lexicon of foreign origin, with early loans from French (borrowed early enough to have underwent Tameï vowel shifts), then from English, Persian, Pashto (the latter two especially in more colloquial registers), and more recently from Russian and Japanese (the latter because of heavy Japanese cultural influence since the end of the Communist era). Tameï's orthography was only created after the Revolution of 1934. The first orthography was based on French spelling conventions, though the difficult way of representing some sounds specific to Tameï led to different proposals being considered. Finally, in 1943, the current Cyrillic orthography was introduced, requested by the government as a sign of political alignment with the Soviet Union; the orthography itself was heavily influenced by the Cyrillic alphabet for Kazakh that at the time had just been introduced. In contemporary Tameï, some words (mostly Russian proper names) keep the original spelling but pronounced as a Tameï word, like the city of Сталинахаль, is [ˌtɑlinɑˈxɑj].

Tameï is a mostly agglutinating language, with complex inflected verbs but light nominal morphology (mostly consisting of highly irregular pluralization patterns). On the phonetic side, it is notable for being, together with Damin, is one of only two non-African languages using click consonants.

(TBC)

Syntax

Verb phrase

Tameï verbs are inflected through various prefixes and suffixes showing subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, causativity, applicatives, tense, and evidentiality. The minimum verb complex is made of a subject prefix, the root, and an evidential suffix.

Ихұчи бүссе.
[iˈxutɕi ˈbyssje]
и-хұч-и ∅-бүссе
C1.SG-run-VIS. C1.SG-woman.
The woman runs.

Итуанашэ түнӆъым бүссе.
[itwaˈnaʃɛ ˈtuǁ̃ɤm ˈbyssje]
и-туа-нашэ-и тұ-инӆъым ∅-бүссе
C1.SG-C2.SG.OBJ-see-VIS. C1.SG-boy. C1.SG-woman.
The woman sees the boy.

Ицэйнашэхей цөнӆъым бүссе.
[itsɛi̯ˈnaʃɛxei̯ ˈtsøǁ̃ɤm ˈbyssje]
и-цей-нашэ-хе-и цо-инӆъым ∅-бүссе
C1.SG-C2.PL.OBJ-see--CLOSE_PAST-VIS. C1.PL-boy. C1.SG-woman.
The woman saw the boys.

Бахұчыуа ымбүссе.
[baxuˈtɕɤwa ɤmˈbyssje]
ба-хұч-ыуа ыб-бүссе
C1.PL-run--NVIS. C1.PL-woman.
The women run (I hear them).

Базэчашньимпъыр зэхатъи зэӵаньэ ҥуэйхыхиш ҥуэтүръыҥы ымбүссе башимае.
[ɓadzetɕaʃˈɲiʘ̃ɤɹ dzeˈxaǀi dzeˈtɬaɲɛ ŋʷei̯ˈxɤxiʃ ŋʷetyˈǃɤŋɤ ɤmˈbyssje baʃiˈmaje]
ба-зэ-ча-ш-ньи-мпъы-р зэ-хатъи зэ-ӵаньэ ҥуэ-йхыхиш ҥуэ-тү-иръыҥы ым-бүссе ба-шимае
C1.PL-C4.PL.OBJ-C5.DAT-CAUS-eat--REMOTE_PAST-RENARR. C4.PL-banana. C4.PL-red. C5.PL-baby. C5.PL-with-hunger. C1.PL-woman. C1.PL-short_haired.
The short-haired women gave the red bananas to the hungry babies to eat.

Internal and external locatives (classes 6 and 7) are treated as objects. If they are not stative, they are however only marked as class 6/7 object in the verb, while the noun keeps its class marking but with a preposition.

Бажыхэнньыуа хоу ұдэнэй иӆұуи ҥа иӆұуитъиҥи илэшэ.
[ɓadʒɤxɛɲˈɲɤwa xou̯ uˈɗɛnɛi̯ iˈɬuwi ŋa iɬuwiˈǀiŋi iˈlɛʃɛ]
ба-жы-хэннь-ыуа хоу ұ-дэнэй и-ӆұуи ҥа и-ӆұуитъиҥи и-лэшэ
C1.PL-C6.OBJ--walk--NVIS. to. C3.SG-park. C1.SG-girl. and. C1.SG-girlfriend. C1.SG-3SG.GEN.
The girl and her girlfriend walk to the park.

Ижыӏэни ирӏыль ӆыхалыдиль.
[idʒɤˈɁɛni iˈǃ͡qχɤi̯ ɬɤxalɤˈdii̯]
и-жы-ӏэн-и и-рӏыль ӆы-халыдиль
C1.SG-C6.OBJ--be_located--VIS. C1.SG-fish. C6.SG-fridge.
The fish is in the fridge.

Меҥльашичъхұм хеоуто.
[mjeŋjaˈʃiǂxum xeˈou̯to]
меҥ-льа-шичъ-хұм хе-оуто
1SG.SUBJ-C7.OBJ--wait--FUT. C7.SG-car.
I'll wait outside the car.