Umbrean/Nouns

Gender

The gender of the nouns in umbrean is not read from the acctual base form of the noun but something inherent and is semantic most of the times. Semantic gender means that the gender of the noun is decieded more or less by what it refers to rather than arbitrarily decieded by the speakers. The gender is decieded through an hierarchical tree of questions.

Living: "Is it alive?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to living beings, parts of living things or the like.

Artificial: "is it created by living things?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to things made by living things, machines, tools, houses and the like.

Non-moving: "Does the thing remain unmoving yet isn't artificial?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to geographical features, natural things that isn't of biological origin, ex stones, mountains, beaches.

Magical: "Does it move despite not being alive or cannot fit elsewhere?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to things of magic, things upon the heaven, the untouchable, the unreachable, the abstractions.

Case

Case		Desription:
Ergative	Ref	The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages
Accusative	Acc	The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb
Intransitive	Int	The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb
Postpositional	Pst	The grammatical case primarely used for postpositional phrases
Reflexive	Ref	The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice

Declension

The manner in which they are declined according to these criterias are through circumfixes^[*] which goes at the begining and end of the word, though some circumfixes are nulled on their prefix part or suffix part.

General

This declension paradigm is general and applied to nouns when uncertain of the acctual paradigm

Name	Amount
Singular	1
Paucal	2-6
Plural	6<

Vowel Circumfix
Gender→ Case↓	Mag	Liv	Art	Non
Int	(e)- -(u)	(ee)- -(ü)	(yy)- -(ë)
Erg		(i)- -(oo)		(e)- -(ü)
Acc	(o)- -(a)		(e)- -(u)
Pst	(oo)- -(y)	(ö)- -(ëë)
Ref		(ü)- -(ii)

Number→	Singular			Paucal			Plural
State→ Case↓	Indef.	Def.	Const.	Indef.	Def.	Const.	Indef.	Def.	Const.
Int	Ø- -Ø	l- -Ø	Ø- -tw	s- -Ø	glj- -t		ž- -Ø	žl- -Ø	dž- -l
Erg	Ø- -s	tl- -s		l- -ff		g- -dzj	Ø- -zz	l- -zw	dzj- -tj
Acc	m- -Ø	ml- -Ø	mt- -l	ŋŋ- -Ø	ŋl- -Ø	ŋk- -l	nn- -Ø	nl- -tj
Pst	Ø- -tš	šl- -Ø	tš- -l	ǧØ- -Øtšwl		ǧ- -t	Ø- -dž	dž- -l
Ref	f- -l		ft- -l	vj- -gw	vl- -gw		ž- -s	ž- -sl

Specific

The acctual paradigm depends on the structure of the nouns rather than being arbitrarily decieded.

Subscripted 0 means original form, wether it is normal, palatalized or labialized. t^w exist in the original word and is replaced by d₀ which would acctually be d^w

Subscripted v means Voiced form of the original, s becomes z, f becomes v and so on, s exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with F_v it would become z

Subscripted u means unvoiced form of the original, z becomes s, v becomes f and so on, z exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with F_u it would become s

Subscripted m means match the voiceness of the original, z exists in the original nad it says f_m it would become v, which of course that f_m and v_m is the same.

Bolded ones refer to the original letter in its entirety, P is for plosives, N is for nasals, F is for fricatives, A is for affricatives. so s in the original and then it says F would mean s is put in place of the F

Prefixal

Nasal

Nasal NV-
Number→	Singular			Paucal			Plural
State→ Case↓	Indef.	Def.	Const.	Indef.	Def.	Const.	Indef.	Def.	Const.
Int	Ø	NlV	Ø	NsV	Ø		NžV	Ø	Ø
Erg	Ø	Ø		NlV		Ø	Ø	NlV	NdzjV
Acc	mV	mlV	mtV	ŋŋV	ŋlV	ŋkV	nnV	nlV
Pst	Ø	Ø	NtšV	NǧV		NǧV	Ø	NdžV
Ref	NfV		Ø	NvjV	Ø		NžV	NžV

Plosive

Plosive PV-
Number→		Singular			Paucal			Plural
Case↓	State→ Origin↓	Indef.	Def.	Const.	Indef.	Def.	Const.	Indef.	Def.	Const.
Int	p	Ø	PlV	Ø	s0pV	bljV		špV	Ø	Ø
	b				z0bV			žbV
	t				ts0V	d0ljV		tšV	džwlV
	d				dz0V			džV
	k				sk0V	g0ljV		šk0V	Ø
	g				zg0V			žg0V
Erg	p	Ø	t0lV		PlV		kp0V	Ø	PlV	ts0fV
	b		d0lV				gbV			dz0vV
	t		t0lV				kt0V			ts0V
	d		d0lV				gd0V			dz0V
	k		t0lV				kk0V			ts0ǧV
	g		d0lV				gg0V			dz0ǧV
Acc	All	mPV	Ø	mtV	ŋPV	Ø	ŋkV	nPV	Ø
Pst	p	Ø	Ø	tšf0V	ǧPV			Ø	tšf0V
	b			džvV					džvV
	t		tš0lV	ts0V					ts0V
	d		dž0lV	dz0V					dz0V
	k		Ø	tšǧV					tšǧV
	g			džǧV					džǧV
Ref	p	fp0V		Ø	fjpV	Ø		špV
	b	vb0V			vjbV			žbV
	t	ft0V			fjt0V			št0V
	d	vd0V			vjd0V			žd0V
	k	fk0V			fjk0V			šk0V
	g	vg0V			vjg0V			žg0V

Fricatives

Fricative FV-
Number→		Singular			Paucal			Plural
Case↓	State→ Origin↓	Indef.	Def.	Const.	Indef.	Def.	Const.	Indef.	Def.	Const.
Int	f	Ø	f0lV	Ø	sf0V	Ø		ž- -	žl- -	dž- -l
	v		v0lV		zv0V- -			ž- -	žl- -	dž- -l
	s		s0lV		ss0V			ž- -	žl- -	dž- -l
	z		z0lV		zz0V			ž- -	žl- -	dž- -l
	š		š0lV		sš0V			ž- -	žl- -	dž- -l
	ž		ž0lV		zž0V			ž- -	žl- -	dž- -l
	ǧ		ǧ0lV		sǧ0V			ž- -	žl- -	dž- -l
Erg	f	- -s	tl- -s		l- -ff		g- -dzj	- -zz	l- -zw	dzj- -tj
	v	- -s	tl- -s		l- -ff		g- -dzj	- -zz	l- -zw	dzj- -tj
	s	- -s	tl- -s		l- -ff		g- -dzj	- -zz	l- -zw	dzj- -tj
	z	- -s	tl- -s		l- -ff		g- -dzj	- -zz	l- -zw	dzj- -tj
	š	- -s	tl- -s		l- -ff		g- -dzj	- -zz	l- -zw	dzj- -tj
	ž	- -s	tl- -s		l- -ff		g- -dzj	- -zz	l- -zw	dzj- -tj
	ǧ	- -s	tl- -s		l- -ff		g- -dzj	- -zz	l- -zw	dzj- -tj
Acc	f	m- -	ml- -	mt- -l	ŋŋ- -	ŋl- -	ŋk- -l	nn- -	nl- -tj
	v	m- -	ml- -	mt- -l	ŋŋ- -	ŋl- -	ŋk- -l	nn- -	nl- -tj
	s	m- -	ml- -	mt- -l	ŋŋ- -	ŋl- -	ŋk- -l	nn- -	nl- -tj
	z	m- -	ml- -	mt- -l	ŋŋ- -	ŋl- -	ŋk- -l	nn- -	nl- -tj
	š	m- -	ml- -	mt- -l	ŋŋ- -	ŋl- -	ŋk- -l	nn- -	nl- -tj
	ž	m- -	ml- -	mt- -l	ŋŋ- -	ŋl- -	ŋk- -l	nn- -	nl- -tj
	ǧ	m- -	ml- -	mt- -l	ŋŋ- -	ŋl- -	ŋk- -l	nn- -	nl- -tj
Pst	f	- -tš	šl- -	tš- -l	ǧ- -tšwl		ǧ- -t	- -dž	dž- -l
	v	- -tš	šl- -	tš- -l	ǧ- -tšwl		ǧ- -t	- -dž	dž- -l
	s	- -tš	šl- -	tš- -l	ǧ- -tšwl		ǧ- -t	- -dž	dž- -l
	z	- -tš	šl- -	tš- -l	ǧ- -tšwl		ǧ- -t	- -dž	dž- -l
	š	- -tš	šl- -	tš- -l	ǧ- -tšwl		ǧ- -t	- -dž	dž- -l
	ž	- -tš	šl- -	tš- -l	ǧ- -tšwl		ǧ- -t	- -dž	dž- -l
	ǧ	- -tš	šl- -	tš- -l	ǧ- -tšwl		ǧ- -t	- -dž	dž- -l
Ref	f	f- -l		ft- -l	vj- -gw	vl- -gw		ž- -s	ž- -sl
	v	f- -l		ft- -l	vj- -gw	vl- -gw		ž- -s	ž- -sl
	s	f- -l		ft- -l	vj- -gw	vl- -gw		ž- -s	ž- -sl
	z	f- -l		ft- -l	vj- -gw	vl- -gw		ž- -s	ž- -sl
	š	f- -l		ft- -l	vj- -gw	vl- -gw		ž- -s	ž- -sl
	ž	f- -l		ft- -l	vj- -gw	vl- -gw		ž- -s	ž- -sl
	ǧ	f- -l		ft- -l	vj- -gw	vl- -gw		ž- -s	ž- -sl