Themsarian/Verbal subparadigms: Difference between revisions

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|''áub'''imá'''''
|''áub'''imá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''áub'''irá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''áub'''īrá'''''
|''áub'''iħá'''''
|''áub'''iħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''áub'''isá'''''
|''áub'''īsá'''''
|''áub'''itá'''''
|''áub'''itá'''''
|}
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|''qer'''umá'''''
|''qer'''umá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''qer'''urá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''qer'''virá'''''
|''qer'''uħá'''''
|''qer'''uħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''qer'''usá'''''
|''qer'''visá'''''
|''qer'''utá'''''
|''qer'''utá'''''
|}
|}
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|''fáer'''má'''''
|''fáer'''má'''''
|rowspan="2"|''fáer'''rá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''fáer'''irá'''''
|''fáer'''ħá'''''
|''fáer'''ħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''fáe'''ssá'''''
|''fáe'''isá'''''
|''fáe'''stá'''''<br/>
|''fáe'''stá'''''<br/>
|}
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|''néur'''má'''''
|''néur'''má'''''
|rowspan="2"|''néur'''rá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''néuz'''irá'''''
|''néur'''ħá'''''
|''néur'''ħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''néu'''ssá'''''
|''néuz'''isá'''''
|''néu'''stá'''''<br/>
|''néu'''stá'''''<br/>
|}
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|''rȳth'''má'''''
|''rȳth'''má'''''
|rowspan="2"|''rȳth'''rá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''rȳth'''irá'''''
|''rȳth'''ħá'''''
|''rȳth'''ħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''rȳ'''ssá'''''
|''rȳth'''isá'''''
|''rȳ'''ftá'''''
|''rȳ'''ftá'''''
|}
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|''uog'''má'''''
|''uog'''má'''''
|rowspan="2"|''uog'''rá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''uog'''irá'''''
|''uog'''ħá'''''
|''uog'''ħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''uoc'''sá'''''
|''uog'''isá'''''
|''uoch'''tá'''''<br/>
|''uoch'''tá'''''<br/>
|}
|}
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|''hēse'''mmá'''''
|''hēse'''mmá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''hēse'''rrá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''hēse'''ìrá'''''
|''hēsē'''ħá'''''
|''hēsē'''ħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''hēse'''ssá'''''
|''hēse'''ìsá'''''
|''hēse'''ttá'''''
|''hēse'''ttá'''''
|}
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|''hílt'''má'''''
|''hílt'''má'''''
|rowspan="2"|''hílt'''rá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''hílt'''irá'''''
|''hílt'''ħá'''''
|''hílt'''ħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''híl'''sá'''''
|''hílt'''isá'''''
|''híl'''tá'''''
|''híl'''tá'''''
|}
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|''inth'''má'''''
|''inth'''má'''''
|rowspan="2"|''inth'''rá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''inth'''irá'''''
|''inth'''ħá'''''
|''inth'''ħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''in'''sá'''''
|''inth'''isá'''''
|''in'''tá'''''
|''in'''tá'''''
|}
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|''va̋c'''má'''''
|''va̋c'''má'''''
|rowspan="2"|''va̋c'''rá'''''
|rowspan="2"|''va̋c'''irá'''''
|''va̋c'''ħá'''''
|''va̋c'''ħá'''''
|-
|-
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|''va̋c'''sá'''''
|''va̋c'''isá'''''
|''va̋ch'''tá'''''
|''va̋ch'''tá'''''
|}
|}

Revision as of 23:02, 1 April 2014

Semivowel stems

ı-stems

áubıî - attack, strike

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - áubiħar! áubins!
2 áubi! áubirs! áubils!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubıī áubidir áubima
1.in - áubiħare áubinse
2 áubir áubirse áubilse
3/4.m áubi áubīr áubivi
3/4.f áubīs áubiti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubín áubisid áubimi
1.in - áubitar áubitā
2 áubír áubirith áubilith
3/4.m áubís áubisrí áubisví
3/4.f áubisar áubistí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubîn áubîdir áubîma
1.in - áubîħar áubînse
2 áubîr áubîrse áubîlse
3/4.m áubî áubîri áubiîvi
3/4.f áubîs áubîti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubıî áubirdá áubimir
1.in - áubiħad áubint
2 áubıîr áubirt áubilt
3/4.m áubimá áubīrá áubiħá
3/4.f áubīsá áubitá

*w-stems

qervî - pack, condense

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - qéruħar! qéruns!
2 qéry! qérurs! qéruls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qérvī qérudir qéruma
1.in - qéruħare qérunse
2 qérur qérurse qérulse
3/4.m qéry qervir qéruvi
3/4.f qérvis qéruti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qerún qérusid qérumi
1.in - qérutar qérutā
2 qerúr qérurith qérulith
3/4.m qerús qerusrí qerusví
3/4.f qérusar qerustí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qervên qervêdir qervêma
1.in - qervêħar qervênse
2 qervêr qervêrse qervêlse
3/4.m qervê qervêri qervêvi
3/4.f qervêis qervêti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qervî qerurdá qérumir
1.in - qéruħad qérunt
2 qervîr qérurt qérult
3/4.m qerumá qervirá qeruħá
3/4.f qervisá qerutá

Labial obstruent stems

-vi, -vie- "dissimilates" to -ħi, -ħie-

duobî - to be assembled

Coronal obstruent stems

*t-, *d-, *tʰ-, *s-stems

{*t *d *tʰ *s}

  • > s / _t
  • > r / _d

qvothî - shout

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - qvóthħar! qvóthyns!
2 qvóth! qvóthyrs! qvóthyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvóthī qvórdir qvóthma
1.in - qvóthħare qvóthynse
2 qvóthyr qvóthyrse qvóthylse
3/4.m qvóthe qvóthir qvóthvi
3/4.f qvóthis qvósti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvothýn qvóssid qvóthmi
1.in - qvóstar qvóstā
2 qvothýr qvóthrith qvóthlith
3/4.m qvóss qvosrí qvosví
3/4.f qvóssar qvostí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvothî qvothyrdá qvóthmir
1.in - qvóthħad qvóthynt
2 qvothîr qvóthyrt qvóthylt
3/4.m qvothmá qvothrá qvothħá
3/4.f qvossá qvostá

*z-stems

fáerî - interlock, jam

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - fáérħar! fáéryns!
2 fáér! fáéryrs! fáéryls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáérī fáérdir fáérma
1.in - fáérħare fáérynse
2 fáéryr fáéryrse fáérylse
3/4.m fáére fáerir fáérvi
3/4.f fáéris fáésti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáerýn fáéssid fáérmi
1.in - fáéstar fáéstā
2 fáerýr fáérrith fáerlith
3/4.m fáess fáesrí fáesví
3/4.f fáéssar fáestí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáerî fáeryrdá fáérmir
1.in - fáérħad fáérynt
2 fáerîr fáéryrt fáérylt
3/4.m fáermá fáerirá fáerħá
3/4.f fáeisá fáestá

*ʒ-stems

néuzî - pound, stamp

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - néurħar! néuzyns!
2 nêuz! néuzyrs! néuzyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzī néurdir néurma
1.in - néurħare néuzynse
2 néuzyr néuzyrse néuzylse
3/4.m néuze néuzir néuzvi
3/4.f néuzis néusti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzýn néussid néurmi
1.in - néustar néustā
2 néuzýr néurrith néurlith
3/4.m néuss néusrí néusví
3/4.f néussar néustí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzî néuzyrdá néurmir
1.in - néurħad néuzynt
2 néuzîr néuzyrt néuzylt
3/4.m néurmá néuzirá néurħá
3/4.f néuzisá néustá

*ç- and *ƶ-stems

{*ç, *ƶ}

  • > f / _*C[+coronal +plosive]
  • > s / _*C[+coronal +fricative/affricate]
  • > [ː~] / _{*ç, *ƶ}
  • > th, ð otherwise

rȳthî - classify, categorize

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - ry̌thħar! ry̌thyns!
2 ry̌th! ry̌thyrs! ry̌thyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ry̌thī ry̌fdir ry̌thma
1.in - ry̌thħare ry̌thynse
2 ry̌thyr ry̌thyrse ry̌thylse
3/4.m ry̌the ry̌thir ry̌thvi
3/4.f ry̌this ry̌fti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex rȳthýn ry̌ssid ry̌thmi
1.in - ry̌ftar ry̌ftā
2 rȳthýr ry̌thrith ry̌thlith
3/4.m ry̌ss rȳsrí rȳsví
3/4.f ry̌ssar rȳstí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex rȳthî rȳthyrdá ry̌thmir
1.in - ry̌thħad ry̌thynt
2 rȳthîr ry̌thyrt ry̌thylt
3/4.m rȳthmá rȳthirá rȳthħá
3/4.f rȳthisá rȳftá

Velar stems

C[+plosive, +velar] > ch / _d/t/ŧ
g > c / _C[-voiced]

uogî - err, miss

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - ǔogħar! ǔogyns!
2 ǔog! ǔogyrs! ǔogyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ǔogī ǔochdir ǔogma
1.in - ǔogħare ǔogynse
2 ǔogyr ǔogyrse ǔogylse
3/4.m ǔoge ǔogir ǔogvi
3/4.f ǔogis ǔochti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex uogýn ǔocsid ǔogmi
1.in - ǔochtar ǔochtā
2 uogýr ǔogrith ǔoglith
3/4.m ǔocs uocsrí uocsví
3/4.f ǔocsar uocstí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex uogî uogyrdá ǔogmir
1.in - ǔogħad ǔogynt
2 uogîr uogyrt ǔogylt
3/4.m uogmá uogirá uogħá
3/4.f uogisá uochtá

Guttural stems

Radical stems

*q-stems

*ʁ-stems

*qʰ-stems

*ʔ-stems

*ʔ

  • > [ː~] / V_CV
  • > [~ː] / V_CC

hēseî - feel, emote

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - hēsêħar! hēsêns!
2 hēsé! hēsêrs! hēsêls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēséī hēséddir hēsémma
1.in - hēsêħare hēsênse
2 hēséyr hēsêrse hēsêlse
3/4.m hēsé hēséìr hēsévvi
3/4.f hēséìs hēsétti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseýn hēséssid hēsémmi
1.in - hēséttar hēséttā
2 hēseýr hēsérrith hēséllith
3/4.m hēséss hēsēsrí hēsēsví
3/4.f hēséssar hēsēstí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseên hēseêdir hēseêma
1.in - hēseêħar hēseênse
2 hēseêr hēseêrse hēseêlse
3/4.m hēseê hēseêri hēseêvi
3/4.f hêseêis hêseêti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseî hēsērdá hēsémmir
1.in - hēsêħad hēsênt
2 hēseîr hēsêrt hēsêlt
3/4.m hēsemmá hēseìrá hēsēħá
3/4.f hēseìsá hēsettá

*{m, n, l, r}ʔ-stems

*{m, n, l, r}ʔ

  • > mp, {n, l, r}t
  • > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]

híltî - imply, make transparent

Imperative
Shílgular Dual Plural
1.in - híltħar! híltyns!
2 hílt! híltyrs! híltyls!


Present
Shílgular Dual Plural
1.ex híltī híldir híltma
1.in - híltħare híltynse
2 híltyr híltyrse híltylse
3/4.m hílte híltir híltvi
3/4.f híltis hílti


Past perfective
Shílgular Dual Plural
1.ex híltýn hílsid híltmi
1.in - híltar híltā
2 híltýr híltrith híltlith
3/4.m híls hílsrí hílsví
3/4.f hílsar hílstí


Jussive
Shílgular Dual Plural
1.ex híltî híltyrdá híltmir
1.in - híltħad híltynt
2 híltîr híltyrt híltylt
3/4.m híltmá híltirá híltħá
3/4.f híltisá híltá

h-stems

*{m, n, l, r}h-stems

*{m, n, l, r}h

  • > mf, {n, l, r}th
  • > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]


inthî - lie (be in a supine position)

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - ínthħar! ínthyns!
2 ínth! ínthyrs! ínthyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ínthī índir ínthma
1.in - ínthħare ínthynse
2 ínthyr ínthyrse ínthylse
3/4.m ínthe ínthir ínthvi
3/4.f ínthis ínti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex inthýn ínsid ínthmi
1.in - íntar íntā
2 inthýr ínthrith ínthlith
3/4.m íns insrí insví
3/4.f ínsar instí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex inthî inthyrdá ínthmir
1.in - ínthħad ínthynt
2 inthîr ínthyrt ínthylt
3/4.m inthmá inthirá inthħá
3/4.f inthisá intá

Irregular verbs

Suppletive verbs

Suppletive verbs have many monosyllabic forms; in order to compensate for the lack of tonal information other roots were grafted into their paradigms.

va̋cî - copula

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - va̋cħar! va̋cyns!
2 vâc! va̋cyrs! va̋cyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex (va̋cī) (va̋chdir) (va̋cma)
1.in - (va̋cħare) (va̋cynse)
2 (va̋cyr) (va̋cyrse) (va̋cylse)
3/4.m (va̋ce) (va̋cir) (va̋cvi)
3/4.f (va̋cis) (va̋chti)


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ðín ðírid ðími
1.in - ðítar ðítā
2 ðír ðírith ðílith
3/4.m ðís ðisrí ðisví
3/4.f ðísar ðistí


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ynðín ynðírid ynðími
1.in - ynðítar ynðítā
2 ynðír ynðírith ynðílith
3/4.m ynðís ynðisrí ynðisví
3/4.f ynðísar ynðistí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex va̋cî va̋cyrdá va̋cmir
1.in - va̋cħad va̋cynt
2 va̋cîr va̋cyrt va̋cylt
3/4.m va̋cmá va̋cirá va̋cħá
3/4.f va̋cisá va̋chtá

merî - 'exist'

Reduplicating stems

These verbs are reflexes of monosyllabic verbs whose stem originally consisted of consonant clusters with no vowel and was subsequently reduplicated to accommodate tonal patterns. They comprise a few irregular verbs.

Eliding stems

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