Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions

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==Phonological laws==
==Phonological laws==
#''*qχ'' > ''*χ''
#''*kʰ cʰ tʰ pʰ'' > ''*x *ç *θ *ɸ'', consecutively
#''*ç *ƶ'' > ''*θ *ð''
#''*ʔ=ʔ'' > ''*ʔ''
#''*ʔ=ʔ'' > ''*ʔ''
#''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''mp, nt, lt, rt''; ''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''mf, nth, lth, rth''
#''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''mp, nt, lt, rt''; ''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''mf, nth, lth, rth''
#''*nr'' > ''ndr'', ''*lr'' > ''ldr''
#''*nr'' > ''ndr'', ''*lr'' > ''ldr''
#''c'' > ''ch'' / _{''d'', ''t'', ''ŧ''}
#''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/ckʰ'' > ''cht'', ''chŧ'', ''cth''
#''*=ʔ'' > word-final tonic syllable
#''*=ʔ'' > word-final tonic syllable
#''*q *χ'' > ''*ʡ *ħ''
#''*ʁ''
#*> ''ʕ'' except...
#*> ''v'' / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
#coronal obstruent + sibilant<sub>i</sub> > sibilant<sub>i</sub>sibilant<sub>i</sub>
#coronal obstruent + sibilant<sub>i</sub> > sibilant<sub>i</sub>sibilant<sub>i</sub>
#CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
#CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
Line 125: Line 134:
#''h''  > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
#''h''  > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
#''*ʔ'' > [ː~] / _C
#''*ʔ'' > [ː~] / _C
#''c'' > ''ch'' / _{''d'', ''t'', ''ŧ''}
#''*ʡ''
#''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/ckʰ'' > ''cht'', ''chŧ'', ''cth''
#''*q''
#*> ''ħ'' / _{''t'', ''ŧ''}
#*> ''ħ'' / _{''t'', ''ŧ''}
#*> ''v'' / _C[+voiced +obstruent]
 
#''*ʁ''
#*> ''ħ'' except...
#*> ''v'' / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]




[[Category:Diachronics]]
[[Category:Diachronics]]

Revision as of 04:07, 2 April 2014

Proto-Talsmic phonology

Consonant inventory

Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal *m *n
Plosive voiceless *p *t *c *k *q *ʔ
voiced *b *d *ɟ *g
aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ *qʰ
Fricative voiceless *s *ç *h
voiced *z *ƶ *ʁ
Approximant *w *j
Trill *r
Lateral app. *l

/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].

Vocalic inventory

Front Central Back
Close *i *ī *u *ū
Mid *e *ē *o *ō
Open *a *ā

Phonological laws

  1. *qχ > *χ
  2. *kʰ cʰ tʰ pʰ > *x *ç *θ *ɸ, consecutively
  3. *ç *ƶ > *θ *ð
  4. *ʔ=ʔ > *ʔ
  5. *mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ > mp, nt, lt, rt; *mh, *nh, *lh, *rh > mf, nth, lth, rth
  6. *nr > ndr, *lr > ldr
  7. c > ch / _{d, t, ŧ}
  8. *tk, *ck *tkʰ/ckʰ > cht, chŧ, cth
  9. *=ʔ > word-final tonic syllable
  10. *q *χ > *ʡ *ħ
  11. *ʁ
    • > ʕ except...
    • > v / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
  12. coronal obstruent + sibilanti > sibilantisibilanti
  13. CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
    • Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
  14. CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
  15. ıy[ː] > i[ː]
  16. z > r / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
  17. h > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
  18. *ʔ > [ː~] / _C
  19. *ʡ
    • > ħ / _{t, ŧ}
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