2,334
edits
Kirtumur: Difference between revisions
→Possession
(→Case) |
|||
| Line 325: | Line 325: | ||
The dual of or plural markers are used with the noun they modify, although this particular example is from an old text. In modern colloquial language the word "gods" would be ''entirik'' instead, the second animate dative marker would be dropped too. | The dual of or plural markers are used with the noun they modify, although this particular example is from an old text. In modern colloquial language the word "gods" would be ''entirik'' instead, the second animate dative marker would be dropped too. | ||
====Possession==== | ====Possession==== | ||
[w:Possession|Possession] is a category that describes an asymmetric relationship between two constituents: the possessor and the possessed. The possessed can be further divided into alienable and [w:Inalienable possession|inalienable]]. When something is inalienably possessed, it is usually an attribute or a quality that can not be physically removed from the possessor and blood relations. A distinct inalienable category exists only for first and second persons in Kirtumur. | |||
Like number, possession is marked with suffixes, but they share some clitic-like behaviour with the case markers, for example: ''ōl ŋiwinu nōsa pasa'''nu''''' (blue eye-du bright.3rd.sg-stative wide.3rd.sg-stative-3sgPoss) "his/her wide bright blue eyes", where ''-nu'' "his" is phrase-final, even though the possessed is ''ŋiwinu'' "eyes". Since both "bright" and "wide" are stative verbs, they do not receive a possessive marker, but if an adjective is noun-like, a possessive marker will be used to denote the relation to the noun it modifies: ''uheim ukhinaušat'''nu''''' "a magnificent palace" (palace magnificent-3sgPoss). Multiple possession suffixes can be used to mark more than one possessor, but, unlike case markers, they do not necessarily stack at the end of a phrase: ''ninnau epenu'' "their child’s hair" (child-3duPoss hair-3sgPoss), in this example the absolutive marker ''-i'' is not used with the noun, it is never used with possessed nouns. | |||
The possessive suffixes are: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=4| Alienable | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2| | |||
! colspan=3| Type I | |||
! colspan=3| Type II | |||
|- | |||
! singular | |||
! dual | |||
! plural | |||
! singular | |||
! dual | |||
! plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup> | |||
| ''-u'' || ''-au'' || ''-em'' || ''-yu'' || ''-yau'' || ''-me'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> | |||
| ''-šu'' || ''-ašu'' || ''-šen'' || ''-šu'' || ''-šau'' || ''-šne'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> | |||
| ''-nu'' || ''-anu'' || ''-nen'' || ''-nu'' || ''-nau'' || ''-nne'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=4| Inlienable | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2| | |||
! colspan=3| Type I | |||
! colspan=3| Type II | |||
|- | |||
! singular | |||
! dual | |||
! plural | |||
! singular | |||
! dual | |||
! plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup> | |||
| ''ani-'' || ''anu-'' || ''anne-'' || ''an-'' || ''anu-'' || ''ann-'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> | |||
| ''ari-'' || ''aru-'' || ''arne-'' || ''ar-'' || ''aru-'' || ''arn-'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Type I are used after (or in case of inalieble markers - before) consonants when they are word-final (or word-initial), while Type II are used after or before vowels. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||