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Th’uȟw’aas’oor: Difference between revisions
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|created = 2020 | |created = 2020 | ||
|setting = Sirius | |setting = Sirius | ||
|ethnicity = | |ethnicity = Pʷ’aach’a | ||
|speakers = 4 thousand | |speakers = 4 thousand | ||
|date = 7th sun | |date = 7th sun | ||
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|Modern | |Modern | ||
|dialects = Northern (Kxaʀsi) | |dialects = Northern (Kxaʀsi) | ||
Western (Erpsxi) | |||
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] | |script = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==Writing System== | ==Writing System== | ||
Th’uȟw’aas’oor uses the Latin script with small modifications that include the | Th’uȟw’aas’oor uses the Latin script with small modifications that include the four diacritics (ˉ, ̠ ,ˇ,.) placed adjacent to certain letters. | ||
An apostrophe (ʼ) is used to mark ejective consonants, (e.g. kʼ, čʼ). And the modifier letter small W (ʷ) s used to mark labialized consonants (e.g. kʷ, xʷ). | An apostrophe (ʼ) is used to mark ejective consonants, (e.g. kʼ, čʼ). And the modifier letter small W (ʷ) s used to mark labialized consonants (e.g. kʷ, xʷ). | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Th’uȟw’aas’oor has a large phonemic inventory, with 75 consonants and 10 vowels. Th’uȟw’aas’oor has a complete series of ejectives accompanying its stop, | Th’uȟw’aas’oor has a large phonemic inventory, with 75 consonants and 10 vowels. Th’uȟw’aas’oor has a complete series of ejectives accompanying its stop, fricative, and affricate consonants. | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | :{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
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|p | |p | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|t | |t | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|k | |k | ||
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|sʼ | |sʼ | ||
| | | | ||
|ʃʼ | |ʃʼ çʼ | ||
|xʼ | |xʼ | ||
|xʷʼ | |xʷʼ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Phonological rules=== | |||
* t > t̪ / r_ | |||
* w > ʍ / _O | |||
===Dialectical Variety=== | ===Dialectical Variety=== | ||
In phonology, the most prominent distinguishing element of Northern, except for the | In phonology, the most prominent distinguishing element of Northern Thʼuȟʷʼaasʼoor, except for the westernmost ones, is the Palatalization and Labialization of the vowels /i/ and /u/. The vowel, /i/ is pronounced [j] and /u/ is pronounced [w]. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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There are 3 types of regular adjectives: first, second, and third. They are so-called because their forms are similar or identical to first and second. | There are 3 types of regular adjectives: first, second, and third. They are so-called because their forms are similar or identical to first and second. | ||
=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
A regular verb in belongs to one of four main conjugations. A conjugation is "a class of verbs with similar inflected forms. The conjugations are identified by the last letter of the verb's present stem. | |||
Irregular verbs may not follow the types or may be marked in a different way. The "endings" presented above are not the suffixed infinitive markers. The first letter in each case is the last of the stem so the conjugations are also called a-conjugation, e-conjugation and i-conjugation. Third-conjugation stems end in a consonant: the consonant conjugation. Further, there is a subset of the third conjugation, the i-stems, which behave somewhat like the fourth conjugation, as they are both i-stems, one short and the other long. | |||
There are three general tenses (present, imperfect, and future) and three moods (indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative) as well as the infinitive, participle, and gerund forms. It also has three principle parts (first, second, and third). It also has two numbers (singular and plural), and two voices (active and passive): | There are three general tenses (present, imperfect, and future) and three moods (indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative) as well as the infinitive, participle, and gerund forms. It also has three principle parts (first, second, and third). It also has two numbers (singular and plural), and two voices (active and passive): | ||
# The first principal part is the singular first-person, present active form. | # The first principal part is the singular first-person, present active form. | ||
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# The third principal part is the first-person singular, perfect active indicative. | # The third principal part is the first-person singular, perfect active indicative. | ||
There are six "tenses". These are divided into two tense systems: the present system, which is made up of the present, imperfect and future tenses, and the perfect system, which is made up of the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses. Each tense has a set of endings corresponding to the person, number, and voice of the subject. Subject (nominative) pronouns are generally omitted for the first (''I, we'') and second (''you'') persons except for emphasis. | |||
The table below displays the common inflected endings for the indicative mood in the active voice in all six tenses. For the future tense, the first listed endings are for the first and second conjugations, and the second listed endings are for the third and fourth conjugations: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan=2|Tense !! colspan=3|Singular !! colspan=3|Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1st Person !! 2nd Person !! 3rd Person !! 1st Person !! 2nd Person !! 3rd Person | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| -ō|| -s || -t || -us || -tis || -t | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| -ō, -a || -is, -ēs || -it, -ēt || -ijus, -ējus || -itis, -ētis | |||
| -ut, -et | |||
|- | |||
! Imperfect | |||
| -a || -ās || -at || -ās || -ātis || -at | |||
|- | |||
! Perfect | |||
| -ī || -istī || -it || -ijus || -istis || -ērut | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Word Order=== | |||
Th’uȟw’aas’oor is an SOV language. There are three major levels or gradation of honorific, low, medium, and high | Th’uȟw’aas’oor is an SOV language. There are three major levels or gradation of honorific, low, medium, and high | ||
# Low honorific is used by elder speakers to address a younger individual, especially of that of a child. | # Low honorific is used by elder speakers to address a younger individual, especially of that of a child. | ||
# Medium honorific is used by individuals to denote someone of the same social status or age | # Medium honorific is used by individuals to denote someone of the same social status or age | ||
# High honorific is frequently used by younger speakers to denote respect for an elder. | # High honorific is frequently used by younger speakers to denote respect for an elder. | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
{{pri}} | |||