Ašča: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Modern Attic''' (Ασκη γλασατι '''''Ašča glasatь''''' /aʃtʃa glasatʲ/ 'the Attic language' or ''Aščatь'' 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani.
'''Modern Attic''' (Ασκη γλασατι '''''Ašča glasať''''' /aʃtʃa glasac/ 'the Attic language' or ''Aščať'' 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani.


==Todo==
==Todo==
''Khierietь holy, onmatot mu jestь Inthar. Dza in Phieladielphji kie spudadza mathьmatčatь.''
''Khierieť holy, onmatot mu jesť Inthar. Dza in Phieladielphji kie spudadza mathьmatčať.''


Use a version of ruki (just "rui")
Use a version of ruki (just "rui")


''Homlia pi agapiatь kie miesot.'' 'I speak of love and hate.'
''Homlia pi agapiať kie miesot.'' 'I speak of love and hate.'


''Khierь! (2sg)/Khierietь! (2pl)'' = 'Hello!'
''Khierь! (2sg)/Khierieť! (2pl)'' = 'Hello!'


''Jukharstia!'' = 'Thank you!'
''Jukharstia!'' = 'Thank you!'
Line 14: Line 14:
''Sioniamie'' = 'Sorry.'
''Sioniamie'' = 'Sorry.'


''Ar homlias in.../Ar homliatь in...'' = 'Do you speak...'
''Ar homlias in.../Ar homliať in...'' = 'Do you speak...'


''Ukhomlia in atkat.'' = 'I don't speak Atkat.'
''Ukhomlia in atkat.'' = 'I don't speak Atkat.'
Line 34: Line 34:
|-
|-
! nom.
! nom.
| γα ''ga'' || συ ''si'' || κειν ''čin'' || κείνη ''čínia''  || ξαμ ''šam'' || ξατι ''šatь'' || κείνοι ''číny'' || κείναι ''čine''
| γα ''ga'' || συ ''si'' || κειν ''čin'' || κείνη ''čínia''  || ξαμ ''šam'' || ξατι ''šať'' || κείνοι ''číny'' || κείναι ''čine''
|-
|-
! gen.
! gen.
Line 59: Line 59:
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|μάχη ''máčha''||μάχητι ''máčhatь''||μάχηι ''máčhe''||μάχηιτ ''máčhet''
|μάχη ''máčha''||μάχητι ''máčhať''||μάχηι ''máčhe''||μάχηιτ ''máčhet''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
Line 80: Line 80:
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|τσυχή ''cičhá''||τσυχήτι ''cičhátь''||τσυχηί ''cičhé''||τσυχηίτ ''cičhét''
|τσυχή ''cičhá''||τσυχήτι ''cičháť''||τσυχηί ''cičhé''||τσυχηίτ ''cičhét''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
Line 100: Line 100:
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|γλασα ''glasa''||γλασατι ''glasatь''||γλασαι ''glase''||γλασαιτ ''glaset''
|γλασα ''glasa''||γλασατι ''glasať''||γλασαι ''glase''||γλασαιτ ''glaset''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
Line 121: Line 121:
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|πολιτεία ''poľtíja''||πολιτείατι ''poľtíjatь''||πολιτείαι ''poľtíje''||πολιτείαιτ ''poľtíjet''
|πολιτεία ''poľtíja''||πολιτείατι ''poľtíjať''||πολιτείαι ''poľtíje''||πολιτείαιτ ''poľtíjet''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
Line 142: Line 142:
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''ρυγα třiga''||''τρυγατι třigatь''||''τρυγαι třige''||''τρυγαιτ třiget''
|''ρυγα třiga''||''τρυγατι třigať''||''τρυγαι třige''||''τρυγαιτ třiget''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
Line 336: Line 336:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''pežuwine'' 'to teach''''
|+ '''''pežuwine'' 'to teach''''
! voice !! tense || ''ga'' || ''si'' || ''ot/otia'' || ''šam'' || ''šatь'' || ''oty/ote''  
! voice !! tense || ''ga'' || ''si'' || ''ot/otia'' || ''šam'' || ''šať'' || ''oty/ote''  
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" |active !! present indicative
! rowspan="8" |active !! present indicative
| ''pežuwa'' || ''pežujir'' || ''pežuji'' || ''pežum'' || ''pežutь'' || ''pežuš''  
| ''pežuwa'' || ''pežujir'' || ''pežuji'' || ''pežum'' || ''pežuť'' || ''pežuš''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''pežujo'' || ''pežujar'' || ''pežuja'' ||  ''pežujam'' || ''pežujatь'' || ''pežujaš''
| ''pežujo'' || ''pežujar'' || ''pežuja'' ||  ''pežujam'' || ''pežujať'' || ''pežujaš''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''pežuka'' || ''pežukar'' || ''pežuč'' || ''pežukam'' || ''pežukatь'' || ''pežukaš''  
| ''pežuka'' || ''pežukar'' || ''pežuč'' || ''pežukam'' || ''pežukať'' || ''pežukaš''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''pežukajo'' || ''pežukajar'' || ''pežukaja'' || ''pežukajam'' || ''pežukajatь'' || ''pežukajaš''  
| ''pežukajo'' || ''pežukajar'' || ''pežukaja'' || ''pežukajam'' || ''pežukajať'' || ''pežukajaš''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''pežuj!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''pežutь!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''pežuj!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''pežuť!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
Line 365: Line 365:
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" |passive !! present indicative
! rowspan="8" |passive !! present indicative
| ''pežume'' || ''pežure'' || ''pežute'' || ''pežunta'' || ''pežustь'' || ''pežuwote''  
| ''pežume'' || ''pežure'' || ''pežute'' || ''pežunta'' || ''pežusť'' || ''pežuwote''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''pežuwime'' || ''pežuwire'' || ''pežuwite'' ||  ''pežuwintha'' || ''pežuwistь'' || ''pežuwijote''
| ''pežuwime'' || ''pežuwire'' || ''pežuwite'' ||  ''pežuwintha'' || ''pežuwisť'' || ''pežuwijote''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''pežuthia'' || ''pežuthiar'' || ''pežuthiač'' || ''pežuthiam'' || ''pežuthiatь'' || ''pežuthiaš''  
| ''pežuthia'' || ''pežuthiar'' || ''pežuthiač'' || ''pežuthiam'' || ''pežuthiať'' || ''pežuthiaš''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''pežuthiejo'' || ''pežuthiejar'' || ''pežuthieja'' || ''pežuthiejam'' || ''pežuthiejatь'' || ''pežuthiejaš''  
| ''pežuthiejo'' || ''pežuthiejar'' || ''pežuthieja'' || ''pežuthiejam'' || ''pežuthiejať'' || ''pežuthiejaš''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''pežure!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''pežustь!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''pežure!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''pežusť!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
Line 392: Line 392:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''agapane'' 'to love''''
|+ '''''agapane'' 'to love''''
! voice !! tense || ''ga'' || ''si'' || ''ot/otia'' || ''šam'' || ''šatь'' || ''oty/ote''  
! voice !! tense || ''ga'' || ''si'' || ''ot/otia'' || ''šam'' || ''šať'' || ''oty/ote''  
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" |active !! present indicative
! rowspan="8" |active !! present indicative
| ''agapawa'' || ''agapajir'' || ''agapaji'' || ''agapam'' || ''agapatь'' || ''agapaš''  
| ''agapawa'' || ''agapajir'' || ''agapaji'' || ''agapam'' || ''agapať'' || ''agapaš''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''agapajo'' || ''agapajar'' || ''agapaja'' ||  ''agapajam'' || ''agapajatь'' || ''agapajaš''
| ''agapajo'' || ''agapajar'' || ''agapaja'' ||  ''agapajam'' || ''agapajať'' || ''agapajaš''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''agapiaka'' || ''agapiakar'' || ''agapiač'' || ''agapiakam'' || ''agapiakatь'' || ''agapiakaš''  
| ''agapiaka'' || ''agapiakar'' || ''agapiač'' || ''agapiakam'' || ''agapiakať'' || ''agapiakaš''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''agapiakajo'' || ''agapiakajar'' || ''agapiakaja'' || ''agapiakajam'' || ''agapiakajatь'' || ''agapiakajaš''  
| ''agapiakajo'' || ''agapiakajar'' || ''agapiakaja'' || ''agapiakajam'' || ''agapiakajať'' || ''agapiakajaš''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''agapaj!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''agapatь!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''agapaj!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''agapať!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
Line 421: Line 421:
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" |passive !! present indicative
! rowspan="8" |passive !! present indicative
| ''agapame'' || ''agapare'' || ''agapate'' || ''agapanta'' || ''agapastь'' || ''agapawote''  
| ''agapame'' || ''agapare'' || ''agapate'' || ''agapanta'' || ''agapasť'' || ''agapawote''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''agapawime'' || ''agapawire'' || ''agapawite'' ||  ''agapawintha'' || ''agapawistь'' || ''agapawijote''
| ''agapawime'' || ''agapawire'' || ''agapawite'' ||  ''agapawintha'' || ''agapawisť'' || ''agapawijote''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''agapiethia'' || ''agapiethiar'' || ''agapiethiač'' || ''agapiethiam'' || ''agapiethiatь'' || ''agapiethiaš''  
| ''agapiethia'' || ''agapiethiar'' || ''agapiethiač'' || ''agapiethiam'' || ''agapiethiať'' || ''agapiethiaš''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''agapiethiejo'' || ''agapiethiejar'' || ''agapiethieja'' || ''agapiethiejam'' || ''agapiethiejatь'' || ''agapiethiejaš''  
| ''agapiethiejo'' || ''agapiethiejar'' || ''agapiethieja'' || ''agapiethiejam'' || ''agapiethiejať'' || ''agapiethiejaš''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''agapare!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''agapastь!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''agapare!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''agapasť!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
Line 448: Line 448:
ξευρσκειναι ''šurščine'' 'to find'
ξευρσκειναι ''šurščine'' 'to find'


*Pres. act. ind.: ξευρσκα, ξευρσκειρ, ξευρσκει, ξευρσκομ, ξευρσκετι, ξευρσκουξ ''šuršk'''a''', šuršč'''ir''', šuršč'''i''', šuršk'''om''', šuršč'''etь''', šuršk'''uš''' ''
*Pres. act. ind.: ξευρσκα, ξευρσκειρ, ξευρσκει, ξευρσκομ, ξευρσκετι, ξευρσκουξ ''šuršk'''a''', šuršč'''ir''', šuršč'''i''', šuršk'''om''', šuršč'''eť''', šuršk'''uš''' ''
*Pres. act. subj.: ξευρσκιω, ξευρσκηρ, ξευρσκη, ξευρσκημ, ξευρσκητι, ξευρσκηξ ''šuršč'''o''', šuršč'''ar''', šuršč'''a''', šuršč'''am''', šuršč'''atь''', šuršč'''aš''' ''
*Pres. act. subj.: ξευρσκιω, ξευρσκηρ, ξευρσκη, ξευρσκημ, ξευρσκητι, ξευρσκηξ ''šuršč'''o''', šuršč'''ar''', šuršč'''a''', šuršč'''am''', šuršč'''ať''', šuršč'''aš''' ''
*Past act.: ξευρηκα, ξευρηκαρ, ξευρηικι, ξευρηκαμ, ξευρηκατι, ξευρηκαξ ''šuřa'''ka''', šuřa'''kar''', šuře'''č''', šuřa'''kam''', šuřa'''katь''', šuřa'''kaš'''''
*Past act.: ξευρηκα, ξευρηκαρ, ξευρηικι, ξευρηκαμ, ξευρηκατι, ξευρηκαξ ''šuřa'''ka''', šuřa'''kar''', šuře'''č''', šuřa'''kam''', šuřa'''kať''', šuřa'''kaš'''''
*Past act. subj.: ξευρηκαϊω, ξευρηκαϊηρ, ξευρηκαϊη... ''šuřa'''kajo''', šuřa'''kajar''', šuřa'''kaja''', šuřa'''kajam''', šuřa'''kajatь''', šuřa'''kajaš'''''
*Past act. subj.: ξευρηκαϊω, ξευρηκαϊηρ, ξευρηκαϊη... ''šuřa'''kajo''', šuřa'''kajar''', šuřa'''kaja''', šuřa'''kajam''', šuřa'''kajať''', šuřa'''kajaš'''''
*Pres. pass. ind.: ξευρσκμαι, ξευρσκεραι, ξευρσκεται, ξευρσκονθα, ξευρσκεστι, ξευρσκωται ''šuršk'''me''', šuršč'''ere''', šuršč'''ete''', šuršk'''ontha''', šuršč'''estь''', šuršk'''ote''' ''
*Pres. pass. ind.: ξευρσκμαι, ξευρσκεραι, ξευρσκεται, ξευρσκονθα, ξευρσκεστι, ξευρσκωται ''šuršk'''me''', šuršč'''ere''', šuršč'''ete''', šuršk'''ontha''', šuršč'''esť''', šuršk'''ote''' ''
*Pres. pass. subj.: ξευρσκοιμαι, ξευρσκοιραι, ξευρσκοιται, ξευρσκοινθα, ξευρσκοιστι, ξευρσκοιωται ''šuršk'''ime''', šuršk'''ire''', šuršk'''ite''', šuršk'''intha''', šuršk'''istь''', šuršk'''ijote''' ''
*Pres. pass. subj.: ξευρσκοιμαι, ξευρσκοιραι, ξευρσκοιται, ξευρσκοινθα, ξευρσκοιστι, ξευρσκοιωται ''šuršk'''ime''', šuršk'''ire''', šuršk'''ite''', šuršk'''intha''', šuršk'''isť''', šuršk'''ijote''' ''
*Past pass. ind.: ''šuria'''thio''', šuria'''thiar''', šuria'''thiač''', šuria'''thiam''', šuria'''thiatь''', šuria'''thiaš'''''
*Past pass. ind.: ''šuria'''thio''', šuria'''thiar''', šuria'''thiač''', šuria'''thiam''', šuria'''thiať''', šuria'''thiaš'''''
*Past pass. subj.: ''šuria'''thiajo''', šuria'''thiajar''', šuria'''thiaja''', šuria'''thiajam''', šuria'''thiajatь''', šuria'''thiajaš'''''
*Past pass. subj.: ''šuria'''thiajo''', šuria'''thiajar''', šuria'''thiaja''', šuria'''thiajam''', šuria'''thiajať''', šuria'''thiajaš'''''
*Active participle: ''šuršk'''ota''', šuršk'''ura''''' (m/f)
*Active participle: ''šuršk'''ota''', šuršk'''ura''''' (m/f)
*Passive participle: ''šurško'''mien''', šurško'''mnia''' (m/f)
*Passive participle: ''šurško'''mien''', šurško'''mnia''' (m/f)
Line 466: Line 466:
*Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστ, σμε, στε, ειξ ''im, ir, jest, smie, stie, iš''
*Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστ, σμε, στε, ειξ ''im, ir, jest, smie, stie, iš''
**'Negative forms: ουκειμ, ουκειρ, ουκεστ, ουξμε, ουξτε, ουκειξ ''učim, učir, učest, ušmie, uštie, učiš''  
**'Negative forms: ουκειμ, ουκειρ, ουκεστ, ουξμε, ουξτε, ουκειξ ''učim, učir, učest, ušmie, uštie, učiš''  
*Subjunctive: ειω, ειηρ, ειη, ειημ, ειητι, ειηξ ''ijo, ijar, ija, ijam, ijatь, ijaš''
*Subjunctive: ειω, ειηρ, ειη, ειημ, ειητι, ειηξ ''ijo, ijar, ija, ijam, ijať, ijaš''
*Past: ηκα, ηκαρ, ηκι, ηκαμ, ηκατι, ηκαξ ''jaka, jakar, jač, jakam, jakatь, jakaš''
*Past: ηκα, ηκαρ, ηκι, ηκαμ, ηκατι, ηκαξ ''jaka, jakar, jač, jakam, jakať, jakaš''
*Participle: ειωτα, ειουρα ''ijota, ijura''
*Participle: ειωτα, ειουρα ''ijota, ijura''


Line 478: Line 478:
==Syntax (''Siotachia'')==
==Syntax (''Siotachia'')==
==='To have'===
==='To have'===
:'''''Jestь na mu mial.'''''
:'''''Jesť na mu mial.'''''
:be.3SG.PRES to/for 1SG.GEN apple
:be.3SG.PRES to/for 1SG.GEN apple
:''I have an apple.''
:''I have an apple.''

Revision as of 18:30, 19 March 2021

Modern Attic (Ασκη γλασατι Ašča glasať /aʃtʃa glasac/ 'the Attic language' or Aščať 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani.

Todo

Khierieť holy, onmatot mu jesť Inthar. Dza in Phieladielphji kie spudadza mathьmatčať.

Use a version of ruki (just "rui")

Homlia pi agapiať kie miesot. 'I speak of love and hate.'

Khierь! (2sg)/Khierieť! (2pl) = 'Hello!'

Jukharstia! = 'Thank you!'

Sioniamie = 'Sorry.'

Ar homlias in.../Ar homliať in... = 'Do you speak...'

Ukhomlia in atkat. = 'I don't speak Atkat.'

Agapawa sie. = 'I love you.'

Phonology (Φθογγολογια Phthongolodža)

Stress

Stress is always penultimate.

Morphology (Μορφολογια Morpholodža)

Different declensions from AG accent? -or < -ós, -0 < -os

Pronouns (Διαονυμε Žaonimie)

Personal (Προσαπκε διαονυμε Prosapče žaonimie)

case 1sg. 2sg. 3sg. 1pl. 2pl. 3pl.
m. f. m. f.
nom. γα ga συ si κειν čin κείνη čínia ξαμ šam ξατι šať κείνοι číny κείναι čine
gen. μου mu σου su κείνου čínu κείνηι čínie ξαμώ šamó ξατιώ šatió κείνω číno κείνιω čínio
acc. με mie σε sie τουτ tut τούτη tútia ξάμοτ šámot ξάτετ šatiet τούτοι túty τούται túte

Nouns (Ουσιαστκοί Usiastký)

Feminine declension

μάχη máčha - war
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative μάχη máčha μάχητι máčhať μάχηι máčhe μάχηιτ máčhet
Genitive μάχει máčhi μάχειτηι máčhitie μάχιω máčho μάχιωτω máčhoto


τσυχή cičhá - self
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative τσυχή cičhá τσυχήτι cičháť τσυχηί cičhé τσυχηίτ cičhét
Genitive τσυχήρ cičhár τσυχήστηι cičhástie τσυχιώ cičhó τσυχιώτω cičhóto
γλασα glasa - language
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative γλασα glasa γλασατι glasať γλασαι glase γλασαιτ glaset
Genitive γλασοι glasy γλασοιτηι glasytie γλασω glaso γλασωτω glasoto


πολιτεία poľtíja - state (polity)
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative πολιτεία poľtíja πολιτείατι poľtíjať πολιτείαι poľtíje πολιτείαιτ poľtíjet
Genitive πολιτείοι poľtíji πολιτείοιτηι poľtíjitie πολιτείω poľtíjo πολιτείωτω poľtíjoto


τρυγα třiga - wing
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ρυγα třiga τρυγατι třigať τρυγαι třige τρυγαιτ třiget
Genitive τρυγοι třigy τρυγοιτηι třigytie τρυγω třigo τρυγωτω třigoto

Masculine o-declension

Ancient Greek neuters have merged into the masculine gender and most of them take the masculine o-declension.

Masculines that come from AG unaccented -ος or -ον nouns have a zero-marked nominative indefinite:

ώθραπ othrap - human
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ώθραπ óthrap ώθραποτ óthrapot ώθραποι óthrapy ώθραποιτ óthrapyt
Genitive ωθράπου othrápu ωθράπουτου othráputu ωθράπω othrápo ωθράπωτω othrápoto


δαρ dar - gift
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative δαρ dar δάροτ dárot δάροι dáry δάροιτ dáryt
Genitive δάρου dáru δάρουτου dárutu δάρω daro δάρωτω daroto

-ορ nouns come from Ancient Greek -ός (accented) nouns.

ιατρόρ jatrór - doctor
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ιατρόρ jatrór ιατρόστ jatróst ιατροί jatrý ιατροίτ jatrýt
Genitive ιατρού jatrú ιατρούτου jatrútu ιατρώ jatró ιατρώτω jatróto

Nouns in -ο come from AG second declension -όν:

πτηνό cianó - bird
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative πτηνό ciano πτηνότ cianót πτηνοί cianý πτηνοίτ cianýt
Genitive πτηνού cianu πτηνούτου cianutu πτηνώ cianó πτηνώτω cianóto

Masculine consonant declension

ωδρα odra - man
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ωδρα odra ωδρατ odrat ωδορι odoř ωδριτ odriet
Genitive ωδορ odor ωδροτου odrotu ωδρω odro ωδρωτω odroto

Adjectives (Επιθητοι Jepthiaty)

1st/2nd declension (-os/-ē)

κοινόρ kynór - common
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Nominative κοινόρ kynór κοινή kyniá κοινοί kyný κοινηί kynié
Genitive κοινού kynú κοινήρ kyniár κοινώ kynó κοινιώ kynió
άγον ágon - infertile
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Nominative ágon ágonia ágony ágonie
Genitive agónu agóni agóno agónio

-i adjectives

(adjectives from AG -ēs/-ēs/-es)

ευγινει judžni - polite
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Nominative ευγινει judžni ευγινει judžni ευγινει judžni ευγινει judžni
Genitive ευγινου judžnu ευγινου judžnu ευγινω judžno ευγινω judžno

Prepositions (Προθηισηι Prothiesie)

  • na (gen.) = dative
  • in (gen.) = in
  • pro (acc.) = towards (a place)

Verbs (Ρηματοι Riamaty)

Verbs have two principal parts: the present stem and the past stem. Many verbs take the suffix -k- in the past active tense, but some verbs do not.

Negative prefix: u- (before a consonant other than h); uk- or uč- (otherwise)

  • παιδευει pežuji = 3sg educates; ουπαιδευει upežuji = 3sg does not teach
  • αγαπαει agapaji = 3sg loves; ουκαγαπαει ukagapaji = 3sg does not love
  • εισαγει isadži = it imports; ουκεισαγει učisadži = it does not import

Weak vowel verbs

pežuwine 'to teach'
voice tense ga si ot/otia šam šať oty/ote
active present indicative pežuwa pežujir pežuji pežum pežuť pežuš
present subjunctive pežujo pežujar pežuja pežujam pežujať pežujaš
past indicative pežuka pežukar pežuč pežukam pežukať pežukaš
past subjunctive pežukajo pežukajar pežukaja pežukajam pežukajať pežukajaš
imperative - pežuj! - - pežuť! -
infinitive pežune
past infinitive pežučne
participle pežuwota, pežura
passive present indicative pežume pežure pežute pežunta pežusť pežuwote
present subjunctive pežuwime pežuwire pežuwite pežuwintha pežuwisť pežuwijote
past indicative pežuthia pežuthiar pežuthiač pežuthiam pežuthiať pežuthiaš
past subjunctive pežuthiejo pežuthiejar pežuthieja pežuthiejam pežuthiejať pežuthiejaš
imperative - pežure! - - pežusť! -
infinitive pežusthe
past infinitive pežuthiane
participle pežumien, pežumnia


agapane 'to love'
voice tense ga si ot/otia šam šať oty/ote
active present indicative agapawa agapajir agapaji agapam agapať agapaš
present subjunctive agapajo agapajar agapaja agapajam agapajať agapajaš
past indicative agapiaka agapiakar agapiač agapiakam agapiakať agapiakaš
past subjunctive agapiakajo agapiakajar agapiakaja agapiakajam agapiakajať agapiakajaš
imperative - agapaj! - - agapať! -
infinitive agapane
past infinitive agapiačne
participle agapawota, agapara
passive present indicative agapame agapare agapate agapanta agapasť agapawote
present subjunctive agapawime agapawire agapawite agapawintha agapawisť agapawijote
past indicative agapiethia agapiethiar agapiethiač agapiethiam agapiethiať agapiethiaš
past subjunctive agapiethiejo agapiethiejar agapiethieja agapiethiejam agapiethiejať agapiethiejaš
imperative - agapare! - - agapasť! -
infinitive agapasthe
past infinitive agapiethiane
participle agapamien, agapamnia

Weak consonant verbs

ξευρσκειναι šurščine 'to find'

  • Pres. act. ind.: ξευρσκα, ξευρσκειρ, ξευρσκει, ξευρσκομ, ξευρσκετι, ξευρσκουξ šurška, šurščir, šuršči, šurškom, šurščeť, šurškuš
  • Pres. act. subj.: ξευρσκιω, ξευρσκηρ, ξευρσκη, ξευρσκημ, ξευρσκητι, ξευρσκηξ šurščo, šurščar, šuršča, šurščam, šurščať, šurščaš
  • Past act.: ξευρηκα, ξευρηκαρ, ξευρηικι, ξευρηκαμ, ξευρηκατι, ξευρηκαξ šuřaka, šuřakar, šuřeč, šuřakam, šuřakať, šuřakaš
  • Past act. subj.: ξευρηκαϊω, ξευρηκαϊηρ, ξευρηκαϊη... šuřakajo, šuřakajar, šuřakaja, šuřakajam, šuřakajať, šuřakajaš
  • Pres. pass. ind.: ξευρσκμαι, ξευρσκεραι, ξευρσκεται, ξευρσκονθα, ξευρσκεστι, ξευρσκωται šurškme, šurščere, šurščete, šurškontha, šurščesť, šurškote
  • Pres. pass. subj.: ξευρσκοιμαι, ξευρσκοιραι, ξευρσκοιται, ξευρσκοινθα, ξευρσκοιστι, ξευρσκοιωται šurškime, šurškire, šurškite, šurškintha, šurškisť, šurškijote
  • Past pass. ind.: šuriathio, šuriathiar, šuriathiač, šuriathiam, šuriathiať, šuriathiaš
  • Past pass. subj.: šuriathiajo, šuriathiajar, šuriathiaja, šuriathiajam, šuriathiajať, šuriathiajaš
  • Active participle: šurškota, šurškura (m/f)
  • Passive participle: šurškomien, šurškomnia (m/f)

Strong verbs

Irregular verbs

ειναι ine 'to be'

  • Infinitive: ειναι ine
  • Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστ, σμε, στε, ειξ im, ir, jest, smie, stie, iš
    • 'Negative forms: ουκειμ, ουκειρ, ουκεστ, ουξμε, ουξτε, ουκειξ učim, učir, učest, ušmie, uštie, učiš
  • Subjunctive: ειω, ειηρ, ειη, ειημ, ειητι, ειηξ ijo, ijar, ija, ijam, ijať, ijaš
  • Past: ηκα, ηκαρ, ηκι, ηκαμ, ηκατι, ηκαξ jaka, jakar, jač, jakam, jakať, jakaš
  • Participle: ειωτα, ειουρα ijota, ijura

Numerals (Αριθμοί Ařthmý)

  • 1, ..., 10: šir/míja/šen, žo, třir/tříja, tiésier, piétie, šeš, šépta, ókta, jeniá, diéka
  • 11, ..., 19: šédka, žódka, třídka, tiésradka, piétadka, šéšadka, šéptadka, óktadka, jeniádka, íkoř
  • 21, ..., 29: íkoř šen, íkoř žo, íkoř tříja, ... íkoř jeniá
  • 30, ..., 100: třáta, saróta, pieniéta, šešéta, šeptomiéta, októta, jeniéta, šekató

Syntax (Siotachia)

'To have'

Jesť na mu mial.
be.3SG.PRES to/for 1SG.GEN apple
I have an apple.

Conjunctions

  • jo = if
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Ašča&oldid=224483"