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'''Arha''' (Lit. ''ordered, structured'') is a constructed language spoken in the [[Verse:Void Demesne|Void Demesne]], a dim, stellar region between the galaxies in our local cluster. It is a rigorously standardised language based on the dominant speech of the region 4000 years ago as recorded by the Information Cubes. Knowingly structured by conscious planners to achieve a more mellifluous speech, ''Arha'' in its current form has accumulated a divergence of over 200 features from the ancient linguistic soup it is based on. It is a moderately fusional language encoding 2-3 categories on average per grammatical affix, with the rare affix encoding up to five. | '''Arha''' (Lit. ''ordered, structured'') is a constructed language spoken in the [[Verse:Void Demesne|Void Demesne]], a dim, stellar region between the galaxies in our local cluster. It is a rigorously standardised language based on the dominant speech of the region 4000 years ago as recorded by the Information Cubes. Knowingly structured by conscious planners to achieve a more mellifluous speech, ''Arha'' in its current form has accumulated a divergence of over 200 features from the ancient linguistic soup it is based on. It is a moderately fusional language encoding 2-3 categories on average per grammatical affix, with the rare affix encoding up to five. | ||
Arha uses a duodecimal counting system (''nakarh safa'', lit. 'long count') as the standard but an alternate senary system is in use in vast, largely desolate areas (''nakarh resha'' lit. 'trade count' ). | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
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Arha divides the large, independent semantic units into ideophones, verbo-nominals, and adjectives. Adjectives pattern completely differently from other forms of words, a feature introduced by conscious planning in the language's history. | Arha divides the large, independent semantic units into ideophones, verbo-nominals, and adjectives. Adjectives pattern completely differently from other forms of words, a feature introduced by conscious planning in the language's history. | ||
Verbo-nominal stems are distinctly identified by terminating in consonants without a known exception<sup>1</sup>, unlike ideophones or adjectives who permit a larger variance in phonetic shape. | Verbo-nominal stems are distinctly identified by terminating in consonants without a known exception<sup>1</sup>, unlike ideophones or adjectives who permit a larger variance in phonetic shape, cf. '''arh''' (''order, to put in order''). | ||
== Derivational morphology == | == Derivational morphology == | ||
Adjectives end in ''-a'' /a/ [ɒ] and can be formed from both ideophones and verbo-nominals, cf. '''renna''' ''heavily metallic sounding'' ( < '''renn''' ''dull clang of metal struck'') and '''arha''' ''ordered, structured'' (< '''arh''' ''to put in order, an order''). | |||
== Inflectional morphology == | == Inflectional morphology == | ||
=== Verbal morphology === | |||
The verbal variants of a verbo-nominal stem are identified by various affixes that modify the categories of tense, person, telicity, definiteness, and mood. | |||
==== Telicity ==== | |||
Telicity is marked by a pre-verbal component that can be split from the verb by other categorical affixes. However, this component can never carry accentuation and can only exist disjunct in a clause from its verbal parent, it cannot be displaced further, wherefore it's linked more intensely with the verb. | |||
==== Definiteness ==== | |||
The verb can ''optionally'' be marked for definiteness with the infix ''-y-'' which is inserted to the right of the vocalic nucleus in the stressed syttibas before sandhi effects, e.g. ''//ayrh//'' → ''erh'' [æi̯rχ]. | |||
This leads to a situation of vocalic alternation patterns for the indefinite-definite axis. Note that when the verb is not accompanied by a telic pre-verb, the definiteness marker is obligatory. | |||
===== The non-future tense ===== | |||
The non-future tense {{sc|nfut}} affix //Ø// is unmarked but will be noted with the empty-set symbol for the remainder of this article. | |||
This tense is used for past and present events with reference to the speaker. | |||
====== The future tense ====== | |||
This tense is used for non-past-non-present events. | |||
''d-'', e.g. '''darh''' {{IPA|[dɒrχ]}} ''will be ordered'' | |||