Ilithian/Prakrit: Difference between revisions
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! | ! | ||
! | ''vrk'' (m.) = wolf | ! rowspan=2| ''vrk'' (m.) = wolf | ||
|- | |||
! | Singular | |||
! | Plural | |||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Nominative''' | |align="right"|'''Nominative''' | ||
|''vrk'' | |''vrk'' || ''vrk-ol'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Genitive''' | |align="right"|'''Genitive''' | ||
|''vrk-ach'' | |''vrk-ach'' || ''vrk-ol-ach'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Dative/Allative''' | |align="right"|'''Dative/Allative''' | ||
|''vrk- | |''vrk-pi'' || ''vrk-ol-pi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Accusative''' | |align="right" |'''Accusative''' | ||
|''vrk-ej'' | |''vrk-ej'' || ''vrk-ol-ej'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|''vrk-any'' | |''vrk-any'' || ''vrk-ol-ani'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
|''vrk-ami'' | |''vrk-ami'' || ''vrk-ol-ami'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 04:22, 2 May 2021
Early Prakrit
Nouns
(-č/-če/-ce/-tě) behaves more like a contrast particle than in literary Ilithian
o-stems
vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | vrk | vrký | loušná | loušnech | oušta | ouštá |
Genitive | vrkách | vrkou | loušnách | loušnou | ouštách | ouštou |
Dative | vrkej | vrkabh | loušnej | loušnábh | ouštej | ouštabh |
Accusative | vrka | vrkouch | loušnou | loušnech | oušta | ouštá |
Instrumental | vrkaný | vrkabhi | loušnajá | loušnábhi | ouštaný | ouštabhi |
Locative | vrkami | vrkýš | loušný, loušnaší | loušnáš | ouštami | ouštýš |
Vocative | vrče! | vrký! | loušna! | loušnech! | oušte! | ouštá! |
i-stems
ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | ageň | agní | mať | matěch | mař | maří |
Genitive | agních | agňou | matích | maťou | mařích | mařou |
Dative | agněj | agněbh | matěj | matěbh | mařej | mařebh |
Accusative | agni | agních | mati | matěch | mař | maří |
Instrumental | agněný | agněbhi | matijá | matěbhi | mařený | mařebhi |
Locative | agněmi | agníš | maťí, matěší | matíš | mařemi | maříš |
Vocative | agně! | agní! | maťi! | matěch! | maře! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
patní (f.) = wife | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
Nominative | patní | patních | |
Genitive | patních | patnijou | |
Dative | patní | patníbh | |
Accusative | patní | patních | |
Instrumental | patnijá | patníbhi | |
Locative | patnijí, patníší | patníš | |
Vocative | patní! | patních! |
u-stems
výju (m.) = wind | žouštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | výju | výjavý | žouštú | žouštavech | medhu | medhú |
Genitive | výjouch | výjavou | žouštouch | žouštavou | medhouch | medhavou |
Dative | výjavej | výjubh | žouštaváj | žouštubh | medhavej | medhubh |
Accusative | výjú | výjúch | žouštú | žouštúch | medhu | medhú |
Instrumental | výjuný | výjubhi | žouštujá | žouštubhi | medhuný | medhubhi |
Locative | výjumi | výjúš | žouštavý, žouštúší | žouštúš | medhumi | medhúš |
Vocative | výjou! | výjavý! | žouštou! | žoustavach! | medhou! | medhú! |
n-stems
žmů (m.) = human | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | žmů | žmený |
Genitive | žmenách | žmenou |
Dative | žmenej | žmenabh |
Accusative | žmena | žmenach |
Instrumental | žmenaný | žmenabhi |
Locative | žmenami | žmenýš |
Vocative | žmů! | žmený! |
ma-stems
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
vlamena (n.) = name | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
Nominative | vlamena | vlamená | |
Genitive | vlamenách | vlamenou | |
Dative | vlamenej | vlamenabh | |
Accusative | vlamena | vlamená | |
Instrumental | vlamenaný | vlamenabhi | |
Locative | vlamenami | vlamenýš | |
Vocative | vlamena! | vlamená! |
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhesa
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
patýr (m.) = father | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | patýr | patrý |
Genitive | patrách | patrou |
Dative | patrej | patrabh |
Accusative | patra | patrouch |
Instrumental | patraný | patrabhi |
Locative | patrami | patrýš |
Vocative | patre! | patrý! |
Copula
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1st | smi, jsmi | sme, jsme |
2nd | si, jsi | ste, jste |
3rd | (zero) | (zero) |
Late Prakrit
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar
Nouns
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes.
vrk (m.) = wolf | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | vrk | vrk-ol |
Genitive | vrk-ach | vrk-ol-ach |
Dative/Allative | vrk-pi | vrk-ol-pi |
Accusative | vrk-ej | vrk-ol-ej |
Instrumental | vrk-any | vrk-ol-ani |
Locative | vrk-ami | vrk-ol-ami |
Copula
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1st | =(e)hem | =(e)hme |
2nd | =(e)si | =(e)ste |
3rd | (zero) | (zero) |