Ilithian/Prakrit: Difference between revisions
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m (→Early Prakrit) |
m (→nouns) |
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= Late Prakrit = | = Late Prakrit = | ||
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar; ou > ő shift is complete; u, ú > /y y:/ is complete | Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar; ou > ő shift is complete; u, ú > /y y:/ is complete | ||
== | == Nouns == | ||
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes. | Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes. | ||
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center | {|class=wikitable style=text-align:center | ||
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|''vrk-ami'' || ''vrk-ol-ami'' | |''vrk-ami'' || ''vrk-ol-ami'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Adjectives == | |||
Adjectives don't agree for number anymore | |||
== Copula == | == Copula == |
Revision as of 18:33, 3 May 2021
Early Prakrit
Nouns
(-č/-če/-ce/-tě) behaves more like a contrast particle than in literary Ilithian
o-stems
vrk (m.) = wolf | löüšná (f.) = moon, month | öüšta (n.) = mouth | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | vrk | vrký | löüšná | löüšnech | öüšta | öüštá |
Genitive | vrkách | vrköü | löüšnách | löüšnöü | öüštách | öüštöü |
Dative | vrkej | vrkabh | löüšnej | löüšnábh | öüštej | öüštabh |
Accusative | vrka | vrköüch | löüšnöü | löüšnech | öüšta | öüštá |
Instrumental | vrkaný | vrkabhi | löüšnajá | löüšnábhi | öüštaný | öüštabhi |
Locative | vrkami | vrkýš | löüšný, löüšnaší | löüšnáš | öüštami | öüštýš |
Vocative | vrče! | vrký! | löüšna! | löüšnech! | öüšte! | öüštá! |
i-stems
ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought, idea | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | ageň | agní | mať | matěch | mař | maří |
Genitive | agních | agňöü | matích | maťöü | mařích | mařöü |
Dative | agněj | agněbh | matěj | matěbh | mařej | mařebh |
Accusative | agni | agních | mati | matěch | mař | maří |
Instrumental | agněný | agněbhi | matijá | matěbhi | mařený | mařebhi |
Locative | agněmi | agníš | maťí, matěší | matíš | mařemi | maříš |
Vocative | agně! | agní! | maťi! | matěch! | maře! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
patní (f.) = wife | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
Nominative | patní | patních | |
Genitive | patních | patnijöü | |
Dative | patní | patníbh | |
Accusative | patní | patních | |
Instrumental | patnijá | patníbhi | |
Locative | patnijí, patníší | patníš | |
Vocative | patní! | patních! |
u-stems
výju (m.) = wind | žöüštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | výju | výjavý | žöüštú | žöüštavech | medhu | medhú |
Genitive | výjöüch | výjavöü | žöüštöüch | žöüštavöü | medhöüch | medhavöü |
Dative | výjavej | výjubh | žöüštaváj | žöüštubh | medhavej | medhubh |
Accusative | výjú | výjúch | žöüštú | žöüštúch | medhu | medhú |
Instrumental | výjuný | výjubhi | žöüštujá | žöüštubhi | medhuný | medhubhi |
Locative | výjumi | výjúš | žöüštavý, žöüštúší | žöüštúš | medhumi | medhúš |
Vocative | výjöü! | výjavý! | žöüštöü! | žöüstavach! | medhöü! | medhú! |
n-stems
žmů (m.) = human | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | žmů | žmený |
Genitive | žmenách | žmenöü |
Dative | žmenej | žmenabh |
Accusative | žmena | žmenach |
Instrumental | žmenaný | žmenabhi |
Locative | žmenami | žmenýš |
Vocative | žmů! | žmený! |
ma-stems
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
vlamena (n.) = name | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
Nominative | vlamena | vlamená | |
Genitive | vlamenách | vlamenöü | |
Dative | vlamenej | vlamenabh | |
Accusative | vlamena | vlamená | |
Instrumental | vlamenaný | vlamenabhi | |
Locative | vlamenami | vlamenýš | |
Vocative | vlamena! | vlamená! |
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhesa
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
patýr (m.) = father | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | patýr | patrý |
Genitive | patrách | patröü |
Dative | patrej | patrabh |
Accusative | patra | patröüch |
Instrumental | patraný | patrabhi |
Locative | patrami | patrýš |
Vocative | patre! | patrý! |
Copula
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1st | smi, jsmi | sme, jsme |
2nd | si, jsi | ste, jste |
3rd | (zero) | (zero) |
Late Prakrit
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar; ou > ő shift is complete; u, ú > /y y:/ is complete
Nouns
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes.
vrk (m.) = wolf | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | vrk | vrk-ol |
Genitive | vrk-ach | vrk-ol-ach |
Dative/Allative | vrk-pi | vrk-ol-pi |
Accusative | vrk-ej | vrk-ol-ej |
Instrumental | vrk-any | vrk-ol-any |
Locative | vrk-ami | vrk-ol-ami |
Adjectives
Adjectives don't agree for number anymore
Copula
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1st | =(e)hem | =(e)hme |
2nd | =(e)si | =(e)ste |
3rd | (zero) | (zero) |