Ašča: Difference between revisions

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'''Modern Attic''' (Ασκη γλασατι '''''Ašča glasať''''' /aʃtʃa glasac/ 'the Attic language' or ''Aščať'' 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani. It has been heavily influenced by [[Ilithian]] vernaculars.
'''Modern Attic''' (Ασκη γλασατι '''''Ašča glasať''''' /aʃtʃa glasac/ 'the Attic language' or ''Aščať'' 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani. It has been heavily influenced by [[Ilithian]] vernaculars.


It is spoken near the Black Sea in [[Verse:Unbegotten]]. It forms a continuum with [[Elicá]] which is spoken all over in Eastern Europe.
It is spoken near the Black Sea in [[Verse:Unbegotten]]. It forms a continuum with [[Elicà]] which is spoken all over in Eastern Europe.


==Todo==
==Todo==
Ιατρέ, θεράπλευθι τσυχήσου ''Jatřé, ťherápľuthi cičhásu'' = Physician, heal thyself
Ιατρέ, θεράπλευθι τσυχήσου ''Jatřè, ťheràpľuthi cičhàsu'' = Physician, heal thyself


Use a version of ruki (just "rui")
Use a version of ruki (just "rui")
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==Morphology (Μορφολογια ''Morpholodža'')==
==Morphology (Μορφολογια ''Morpholodža'')==
Different declensions from AG accent? -or < -ós, -0 < -os
Different declensions from AG accent? -or < -òs, -0 < -os
===Pronouns (Διαονυμε ''Žaonimie'')===
===Pronouns (Διαονυμε ''Žaonimie'')===
====Personal (Προσαπκε διαονυμε ''Prosapče žaonimie'')====
====Personal (Προσαπκε διαονυμε ''Prosapče žaonimie'')====
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|-
|-
! nom.
! nom.
| γα ''ga'' || συ ''si'' || κειν ''čin'' || κείνη ''čínia''  || ξαμ ''šam'' || ξατι ''šať'' || κείνοι ''číny'' || κείναι ''čine''
| γα ''ga'' || συ ''si'' || κειν ''čin'' || κείνη ''čìnia''  || ξαμ ''šam'' || ξατι ''šať'' || κείνοι ''čìny'' || κείναι ''čine''
|-
|-
! gen.
! gen.
| μου ''mu'' || σου ''su'' || κείνου ''čínu'' || κείνηι ''čínie'' || ξαμώ ''šamó'' || ξατιώ ''šaťó'' || κείνω  ''číno'' || κείνω ''číno''
| μου ''mu'' || σου ''su'' || κείνου ''čìnu'' || κείνηι ''čìnie'' || ξαμώ ''šamò'' || ξατιώ ''šaťò'' || κείνω  ''čìno'' || κείνω ''čìno''
|-
|-
! acc.
! acc.
| με ''mie'' || σε ''sie'' || τουτ ''tut'' || τούτη ''tútia'' || ξάμοτ ''šámot'' || ξάτετ ''šaťet'' || τούτοι ''túty'' || τούται ''túte''
| με ''mie'' || σε ''sie'' || τουτ ''tut'' || τούτη ''tùtia'' || ξάμοτ ''šàmot'' || ξάτετ ''šaťet'' || τούτοι ''tùty'' || τούται ''tùte''
|}
|}


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Possessive suffixes are for the most part added directly to the noun. The resulting forms are implied to be definite.
Possessive suffixes are for the most part added directly to the noun. The resulting forms are implied to be definite.
* nom. sg.: μάχημου, μάχησου, μάχητου, μάχητει, μάχημω, μάχηξω, μάχητω ''máčhamu, máčhasu, máčhatu, máčhati, máčhamo, máčhašo, máčhato'' 'my war (nom), thy war (nom), ...'
* nom. sg.: μάχημου, μάχησου, μάχητου, μάχητει, μάχημω, μάχηξω, μάχητω ''màčhamu, màčhasu, màčhatu, màčhati, màčhamo, màčhašo, màčhato'' 'my war (nom), thy war (nom), ...'
* gen. sg.: ''máčhimu, máčhisu, etc.''
* gen. sg.: ''màčhimu, màčhisu, etc.''
* A -ρ ''-r'' on a stressed case ending is dropped, but turns to -σ ''-s'' before suffixes beginning with τ-. For example: ιατρόρ ''jatrór'' = a doctor; ιατρόμου ''jatrómu'' = my doctor; ιατρόστου ''jatróstu'' 'his doctor'.
* A -ρ ''-r'' on a stressed case ending is dropped, but turns to -σ ''-s'' before suffixes beginning with τ-. For example: ιατρόρ ''jatròr'' = a doctor; ιατρόμου ''jatròmu'' = my doctor; ιατρόστου ''jatròstu'' 'his doctor'.


Possession by nouns must be double-marked. The possessed noun must take the gender-appropriate possessive suffix. (This is a result of reanalysis of the older genitive definite article του, της, των between the noun and the possessor as a possessive affix.)
Possession by nouns must be double-marked. The possessed noun must take the gender-appropriate possessive suffix. (This is a result of reanalysis of the older genitive definite article του, της, των between the noun and the possessor as a possessive affix.)
* ιατρόσ'''του''' Ωάνιου ''jatróstu Waňu'' 'John's doctor'
* ιατρόσ'''του''' Ωάνιου ''jatròstu Waňu'' 'John's doctor'
* ιατρόσ'''τει''' Αγάθηι ''jatrósti Agáťhe'' 'Agatha's doctor'
* ιατρόσ'''τει''' Αγάθηι ''jatròsti Agàťhe'' 'Agatha's doctor'
* ιατρόσ'''τω''' αθλητώνω ''jatrósto athľatóno'' 'the athletes' doctor'
* ιατρόσ'''τω''' αθλητώνω ''jatròsto athľatòno'' 'the athletes' doctor'


In case of third-from-last stress, the stress shifts to right before the possessive suffix when one is added:
In case of third-from-last stress, the stress shifts to right before the possessive suffix when one is added:
* nom. sg.: ράλεγα ''ráľega'' 'throat' > ραλεγάμου ''raľegámu'' 'my throat'  
* nom. sg.: ράλεγα ''ràľega'' 'throat' > ραλεγάμου ''raľegàmu'' 'my throat'  


====Feminine declension====
====Feminine declension====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| μάχη ''máčha'' - war
! colspan="5"| μάχη ''màčha'' - war
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|μάχη ''máčha''||μάχηνι ''máčhaň''||μάχηι ''máčhe''||μάχηιν ''máčhen''
|μάχη ''màčha''||μάχηνι ''màčhaň''||μάχηι ''màčhe''||μάχηιν ''màčhen''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|μάχει ''máčhi''||μάχεινηι ''máčhiňe''||μάχιω ''máčho''||μάχιωνω ''máčhono''
|μάχει ''màčhi''||μάχεινηι ''màčhiňe''||μάχιω ''màčho''||μάχιωνω ''màčhono''
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| τσυχή ''cičhá'' - self
! colspan="5"| τσυχή ''cičhà'' - self
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|τσυχή ''cičhá''||τσυχήνι ''cičháň''||τσυχηί ''cičhé''||τσυχηίν ''cičhén''
|τσυχή ''cičhà''||τσυχήνι ''cičhàň''||τσυχηί ''cičhè''||τσυχηίν ''cičhèn''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|τσυχήρ ''cičhár''||τσυχήνηι ''cičháňe''||τσυχιώ ''cičhó''||τσυχιώνω ''cičhóno''
|τσυχήρ ''cičhàr''||τσυχήνηι ''cičhàňe''||τσυχιώ ''cičhò''||τσυχιώνω ''cičhòno''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|γλάσα ''glása''||γλάσανι ''glásaň''||γλάσαι ''gláse''||γλασαιν ''glásen''
|γλάσα ''glàsa''||γλάσανι ''glàsaň''||γλάσαι ''glàse''||γλασαιν ''glàsen''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|γλάσοι ''glásy''||γλάσοινηι ''glásyňe''||γλάσω ''gláso''||γλάσωνω ''glásono''
|γλάσοι ''glàsy''||γλάσοινηι ''glàsyňe''||γλάσω ''glàso''||γλάσωνω ''glàsono''
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| πολιτεία ''poľtíja'' - state (polity)
! colspan="5"| πολιτεία ''poľtìja'' - state (polity)
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|πολιτεία ''poľtíja''||πολιτείανι ''poľtíjaň''||πολιτείαι ''poľtíje''||πολιτείαιν ''poľtíjen''
|πολιτεία ''poľtìja''||πολιτείανι ''poľtìjaň''||πολιτείαι ''poľtìje''||πολιτείαιν ''poľtìjen''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|πολιτείοι ''poľtíji''||πολιτείοινηι ''poľtíjiňe''||πολιτείω ''poľtíjo''||πολιτείωνω ''poľtíjono''
|πολιτείοι ''poľtìji''||πολιτείοινηι ''poľtìjiňe''||πολιτείω ''poľtìjo''||πολιτείωνω ''poľtìjono''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|τρυγα ''tříga''||τρυγανι ''třígaň''||τρυγαι ''tříge''||τρυγαιν ''třígen''
|τρυγα ''třìga''||τρυγανι ''třìgaň''||τρυγαι ''třìge''||τρυγαιν ''třìgen''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|τρυγοι ''třígy''||τρυγοινηι ''třígyňe''||τρυγω ''třígo''||τρυγωνω ''třígono''
|τρυγοι ''třìgy''||τρυγοινηι ''třìgyňe''||τρυγω ''třìgo''||τρυγωνω ''třìgono''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|ώθραπ ''óthrap''||ώθραπον ''óthrapon''||ώθραποι ''óthrapy''||ώθραποιν ''óthrapyn''
|ώθραπ ''òthrap''||ώθραπον ''òthrapon''||ώθραποι ''òthrapy''||ώθραποιν ''òthrapyn''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|ωθράπου ''othrápu''||ωθράπουνου ''othrápunu''||ωθράπω ''othrápo''||ωθράπωνω ''othrápono''
|ωθράπου ''othràpu''||ωθράπουνου ''othràpunu''||ωθράπω ''othràpo''||ωθράπωνω ''othràpono''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|colspan=2|ώθραπε ''óthrapie''
|colspan=2|ώθραπε ''òthrapie''
|colspan=2|ώθραποι ''óthrapy''
|colspan=2|ώθραποι ''òthrapy''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|δαρ ''dar''||δάρον ''dáron''||δάροι ''dáry''||δάροιν ''dáryn''
|δαρ ''dar''||δάρον ''dàron''||δάροι ''dàry''||δάροιν ''dàryn''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|δάρου ''dáru''||δάρουνου ''dárunu''||δάρω ''daro''||δάρωνω ''dárono''
|δάρου ''dàru''||δάρουνου ''dàrunu''||δάρω ''daro''||δάρωνω ''dàrono''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|colspan=2|δάρε ''dáře''
|colspan=2|δάρε ''dàře''
|colspan=2|δάροι ''dáry''
|colspan=2|δάροι ''dàry''
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| '''ιατρόρ ''jatrór'' - doctor'''
! colspan="5"| '''ιατρόρ ''jatròr'' - doctor'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|ιατρόρ ''jatrór''||ιατρόν ''jatrón''||ιατροί ''jatrý''||ιατροίν ''jatrýn''
|ιατρόρ ''jatròr''||ιατρόν ''jatròn''||ιατροί ''jatrý''||ιατροίν ''jatrýn''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|ιατρού ''jatrú''||ιατρούνου ''jatrúnu''||ιατρώ ''jatró''||ιατρώνω ''jatróno''
|ιατρού ''jatrù''||ιατρούνου ''jatrùnu''||ιατρώ ''jatrò''||ιατρώνω ''jatròno''
|-
|-
!|Vocative
!|Vocative
|colspan=2|ιατρέ ''jatřé''
|colspan=2|ιατρέ ''jatřè''
|colspan=2|ιατροί ''jatrý''
|colspan=2|ιατροί ''jatrý''
|}
|}
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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| '''τσηνό ''cianó'' - bird'''
! colspan="5"| '''τσηνό ''cianò'' - bird'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|τσηνό ''cianó''||τσηνόν ''cianón''||τσηνοί ''cianý''||τσηνοίν ''cianýn''
|τσηνό ''cianò''||τσηνόν ''cianòn''||τσηνοί ''cianý''||τσηνοίν ''cianýn''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|τσηνού ''cianú''||τσηνούνου ''cianúnu''||τσηνώ ''cianó''||τσηνώνω ''cianóno''
|τσηνού ''cianù''||τσηνούνου ''cianùnu''||τσηνώ ''cianò''||τσηνώνω ''cianòno''
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|colspan=2|τσηνέ ''ciaňé''
|colspan=2|τσηνέ ''ciaňè''
|colspan=2|τσηνοί ''cianý''
|colspan=2|τσηνοί ''cianý''
|}
|}
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|ώδρα ''ódra''||ώδραν ''ódran''||ώδορι ''ódoř''||ώδρεν ''ódřen''
|ώδρα ''òdra''||ώδραν ''òdran''||ώδορι ''òdoř''||ώδρεν ''òdřen''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|ώδορ ''ódor''||ώδρονου ''ódronu''||ώδρω ''ódro''||ώδρωνω ''ódrono''
|ώδορ ''òdor''||ώδρονου ''òdronu''||ώδρω ''òdro''||ώδρωνω ''òdrono''
|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|colspan=2|ώδρα ''ódra''
|colspan=2|ώδρα ''òdra''
|colspan=2|ώδορι ''ódoř''
|colspan=2|ώδορι ''òdoř''
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| κοινόρ ''kynór'' 'common'
! colspan="5"| κοινόρ ''kynòr'' 'common'
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|κοινόρ ''kynór''||κοινή ''kyniá''||κοινοί ''kyný''||κοινηί ''kynié''
|κοινόρ ''kynòr''||κοινή ''kynià''||κοινοί ''kyný''||κοινηί ''kyniè''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|κοινού ''kynú''||κοινήρ ''kyniár''||κοινώ ''kynó''||κοινώ ''kynó''
|κοινού ''kynù''||κοινήρ ''kyniàr''||κοινώ ''kynò''||κοινώ ''kynò''
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| άγον ''ágon'' 'infertile'
! colspan="5"| άγον ''àgon'' 'infertile'
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|''ágon''||''ágonia''||''ágony''||''ágonie''
|''àgon''||''àgonia''||''àgony''||''àgonie''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|''agónu''||''agóni''||''agóno''||''agóno''
|''agònu''||''agòni''||''agòno''||''agòno''
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="3"| αήθει ''ajáthi'' 'immoral'
! colspan="3"| αήθει ''ajàthi'' 'immoral'
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|αήθει ''ajáthi''||αήθει ''ajáthi''
|αήθει ''ajàthi''||αήθει ''ajàthi''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|αήθου ''ajáthu''||αήθω ''ajátho''
|αήθου ''ajàthu''||αήθω ''ajàtho''
|}
|}


====-iár adjectives====
====-iàr adjectives====
(adjectives from AG -ḗs/-ḗs/-és)
(adjectives from AG -ḗs/-ḗs/-ès)


{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="3"| ευγινήρ ''judžňár'' 'polite'
! colspan="3"| ευγινήρ ''judžňàr'' 'polite'
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
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|-
|-
!|Nominative
!|Nominative
|ευγινήρ ''judžňár''||ευγινείρ ''judžnír''
|ευγινήρ ''judžňàr''||ευγινείρ ''judžnìr''
|-
|-
!|Genitive
!|Genitive
|ευγινού ''judžnú''||ευγινώ ''judžnó''
|ευγινού ''judžnù''||ευγινώ ''judžnò''
|}
|}


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*pro (acc.) = towards (a place)
*pro (acc.) = towards (a place)


===Verbs (Ρήματοι ''Řámaty'')===
===Verbs (Ρήματοι ''Řàmaty'')===
Verbs have a 2x2x2 active, passive x present, past x indicative, subjunctive structure. They have two principal parts: the present stem and the past stem. Many verbs take the suffix ''-k-'' in the past active tense, but some verbs do not.
Verbs have a 2x2x2 active, passive x present, past x indicative, subjunctive structure. They have two principal parts: the present stem and the past stem. Many verbs take the suffix ''-k-'' in the past active tense, but some verbs do not.


Negative prefix: ου- ''u-'' (before a consonant other than h); ουκ- ''uk-'' or ''uč-'' (otherwise)
Negative prefix: ου- ''u-'' (before a consonant other than h); ουκ- ''uk-'' or ''uč-'' (otherwise)
* παιδεύει ''pežúji'' = 3sg teaches; ουπαιδεύει ''upežúji'' = 3sg does not teach
* παιδεύει ''pežùji'' = 3sg teaches; ουπαιδεύει ''upežùji'' = 3sg does not teach
* αγαπάει ''agapáji'' = 3sg loves; ουκαγαπάει ''ukagapáji'' = 3sg does not love
* αγαπάει ''agapàji'' = 3sg loves; ουκαγαπάει ''ukagapàji'' = 3sg does not love
* εισάγει ''isádži'' = it imports; ουκειάγει ''učisádži'' = it does not import
* εισάγει ''isàdži'' = it imports; ουκειάγει ''učisàdži'' = it does not import
====Weak vowel verbs====
====Weak vowel verbs====
Weak vowel-stem verbs are the most regular classes of verbs and have several subclasses:
Weak vowel-stem verbs are the most regular classes of verbs and have several subclasses:
# -άναι ''-áne'' verbs (from -άειν contracting to -αν)
# -άναι ''-àne'' verbs (from -άειν contracting to -αν)
# -είναι ''-íne'' verbs (from -έειν contracting to -ειν)
# -είναι ''-ìne'' verbs (from -έειν contracting to -ειν)
# ''-úne'' verbs, with 2 subclasses:
# ''-ùne'' verbs, with 2 subclasses:
#* -εύναι ''-júne'' verbs (from -εύειν)
#* -εύναι ''-jùne'' verbs (from -εύειν)
#* -ούναι ''-úne'' verbs (from -όειν contracting to -ουν)
#* -ούναι ''-ùne'' verbs (from -όειν contracting to -ουν)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ παιδεύναι ''pežúne'' 'to teach'
|+ παιδεύναι ''pežùne'' 'to teach'
! voice !! tense || ''ga'' || ''si'' || ''ot/otia'' || ''šam'' || ''šať'' || ''oty/ote''  
! voice !! tense || ''ga'' || ''si'' || ''ot/otia'' || ''šam'' || ''šať'' || ''oty/ote''  
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" |active !! present indicative
! rowspan="8" |active !! present indicative
| ''pežúwa'' || ''pežújir'' || ''pežúji'' || ''pežúm'' || ''pežúť'' || ''pežúš''  
| ''pežùwa'' || ''pežùjir'' || ''pežùji'' || ''pežùm'' || ''pežùť'' || ''pežùš''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''pežújo'' || ''pežújar'' || ''pežuja'' ||  ''pežujam'' || ''pežujať'' || ''pežujaš''
| ''pežùjo'' || ''pežùjar'' || ''pežuja'' ||  ''pežujam'' || ''pežujať'' || ''pežujaš''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''péžuka'' || ''péžukar'' || ''péžuč'' || ''pežúkam'' || ''pežúkať'' || ''pežúkaš''  
| ''pèžuka'' || ''pèžukar'' || ''pèžuč'' || ''pežùkam'' || ''pežùkať'' || ''pežùkaš''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''pežúkajo'' || ''pežúkajar'' || ''pežúkaja'' || ''pežúkajam'' || ''pežúkajať'' || ''pežúkajaš''  
| ''pežùkajo'' || ''pežùkajar'' || ''pežùkaja'' || ''pežùkajam'' || ''pežùkajať'' || ''pežùkajaš''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''péžuj! pežúthi!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''pežúť!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''pèžuj! pežùthi!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''pežùť!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
|colspan="6"| ''pežúne''
|colspan="6"| ''pežùne''
|-
|-
! past infinitive
! past infinitive
|colspan="6"| ''pežučéne''
|colspan="6"| ''pežučène''
|-
|-
! participle
! participle
|colspan="6"| ''pežúwota, pežúra''
|colspan="6"| ''pežùwota, pežùra''
|-
|-
!colspan="8"|
!colspan="8"|
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" |passive !! present indicative
! rowspan="8" |passive !! present indicative
| ''pežúme'' || ''pežúre'' || ''pežúte'' || ''pežuwónta'' || ''pežúsť'' || ''pežúwote''  
| ''pežùme'' || ''pežùre'' || ''pežùte'' || ''pežuwònta'' || ''pežùsť'' || ''pežùwote''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''pežúwimo'' || ''pežúwiro'' || ''pežúwito'' ||  ''pežuwíntha'' || ''pežúwisť'' || ''pežuwíjoto''
| ''pežùwimo'' || ''pežùwiro'' || ''pežùwito'' ||  ''pežuwìntha'' || ''pežùwisť'' || ''pežuwìjoto''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''péžuťha'' || ''péžuťhast'' || ''pežúťhač'' || ''pežúťham'' || ''pežúťhať'' || ''pežúťhaš''  
| ''pèžuťha'' || ''pèžuťhast'' || ''pežùťhač'' || ''pežùťham'' || ''pežùťhať'' || ''pežùťhaš''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''pežúťhejo'' || ''pežúťhejast'' || ''pežúťheja'' || ''pežúťhejam'' || ''pežúťhejať'' || ''pežúťhejaš''  
| ''pežùťhejo'' || ''pežùťhejast'' || ''pežùťheja'' || ''pežùťhejam'' || ''pežùťhejať'' || ''pežùťhejaš''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''pežúre!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''pežúsť!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''pežùre!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''pežùsť!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
! infinitive
! infinitive
|colspan="6"| ''pežústhe''
|colspan="6"| ''pežùsthe''
|-
|-
! past infinitive
! past infinitive
|colspan="6"| ''pežúťhane''
|colspan="6"| ''pežùťhane''
|-
|-
! participle
! participle
|colspan="6"| ''pežúmien, pežúmňa''
|colspan="6"| ''pežùmien, pežùmňa''
|}
|}


Line 530: Line 530:
*Infinitive: είναι ''ine''
*Infinitive: είναι ''ine''
*Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστι, σμε, στε, ειξ ''im, ir, jesť, smie, sťe, iš''
*Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστι, σμε, στε, ειξ ''im, ir, jesť, smie, sťe, iš''
**Negative forms: ούκειμ, ούκειρ, ούξτι, ουξμέ, ουξτέ, ούκειξ ''účim, účir, úšť, ušmié, ušťé, účiš''  
**Negative forms: ούκειμ, ούκειρ, ούξτι, ουξμέ, ουξτέ, ούκειξ ''ùčim, ùčir, ùšť, ušmiè, ušťè, ùčiš''  
*Subjunctive: είω, είηρ, είη, είημ, είητι, είηξ ''íjo, íjar, íja, íjam, íjať, íjaš''
*Subjunctive: είω, είηρ, είη, είημ, είητι, είηξ ''ìjo, ìjar, ìja, ìjam, ìjať, ìjaš''
*Past: ήκα, ήκαστ, ηκι, ήκαμ, ήκατι, ήκαξ ''jáka, jákast, jač, jákam, jákať, jákaš''
*Past: ήκα, ήκαστ, ηκι, ήκαμ, ήκατι, ήκαξ ''jàka, jàkast, jač, jàkam, jàkať, jàkaš''
*Participle: είωτα, είουρα ''íjota, íjura''
*Participle: είωτα, είουρα ''ìjota, ìjura''


===Numerals (Αριθμοί ''Ařthmý'') ===
===Numerals (Αριθμοί ''Ařthmý'') ===
* 1, ..., 10: šir/mňa/šen, žo, třir/tříja, ťésier, piéťe, šeš, šépta, ókta, jéňa, ďéka
* 1, ..., 10: šir/mňa/šen, žo, třir/třìja, ťèsier, pièťe, šeš, šèpta, òkta, jèňa, ďèka
* 11, ..., 19: šédka, žódka, třídka, ťésradka, piétadka, šéšadka, šéptadka, óktadka, jéňadka, íkoř
* 11, ..., 19: šèdka, žòdka, třìdka, ťèsradka, piètadka, šèšadka, šèptadka, òktadka, jèňadka, ìkoř
* 21, ..., 29: íkoř šen, íkoř žo, íkoř tříja, ... íkoř jéňa
* 21, ..., 29: ìkoř šen, ìkoř žo, ìkoř třìja, ... ìkoř jèňa
* 30, ..., 100: třáta, saróta, pieňéta, šešéta, šemiéta, októta, jeňéta, šekató
* 30, ..., 100: třàta, saròta, pieňèta, šešèta, šemièta, oktòta, jeňèta, šekatò


==Syntax (''Siotachia'')==
==Syntax (''Siotachia'')==

Revision as of 17:58, 6 May 2021

Modern Attic (Ασκη γλασατι Ašča glasať /aʃtʃa glasac/ 'the Attic language' or Aščať 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani. It has been heavily influenced by Ilithian vernaculars.

It is spoken near the Black Sea in Verse:Unbegotten. It forms a continuum with Elicà which is spoken all over in Eastern Europe.

Todo

Ιατρέ, θεράπλευθι τσυχήσου Jatřè, ťheràpľuthi cičhàsu = Physician, heal thyself

Use a version of ruki (just "rui")

Homlia pi agapiať kie miesot. 'I speak of love and hate.'

Khierь! (2sg)/Khierieť! (2pl) = 'Hello!'

Jukharstia! = 'Thank you!'

Sioniamie = 'Sorry.'

Ar homlias in.../Ar homliať in... = 'Do you speak...'

Ukhomlia in atkat. = 'I don't speak Atkat.'

Agapawa sie. = 'I love you.'

Phonology (Φθογγολογια Phthongolodža)

Vowel reduction

Stress

Stress is free as in Modern Greek.

Intonation

Stolen from Russian

Morphology (Μορφολογια Morpholodža)

Different declensions from AG accent? -or < -òs, -0 < -os

Pronouns (Διαονυμε Žaonimie)

Personal (Προσαπκε διαονυμε Prosapče žaonimie)

case 1sg. 2sg. 3sg. 1pl. 2pl. 3pl.
m. f. m. f.
nom. γα ga συ si κειν čin κείνη čìnia ξαμ šam ξατι šať κείνοι čìny κείναι čine
gen. μου mu σου su κείνου čìnu κείνηι čìnie ξαμώ šamò ξατιώ šaťò κείνω čìno κείνω čìno
acc. με mie σε sie τουτ tut τούτη tùtia ξάμοτ šàmot ξάτετ šaťet τούτοι tùty τούται tùte

Nouns (Ουσιαστκοί Usiastký)

The definite suffixes come from a cliticized ἐκεῖνος 'that'.

Possessive suffixes are for the most part added directly to the noun. The resulting forms are implied to be definite.

  • nom. sg.: μάχημου, μάχησου, μάχητου, μάχητει, μάχημω, μάχηξω, μάχητω màčhamu, màčhasu, màčhatu, màčhati, màčhamo, màčhašo, màčhato 'my war (nom), thy war (nom), ...'
  • gen. sg.: màčhimu, màčhisu, etc.
  • A -ρ -r on a stressed case ending is dropped, but turns to -σ -s before suffixes beginning with τ-. For example: ιατρόρ jatròr = a doctor; ιατρόμου jatròmu = my doctor; ιατρόστου jatròstu 'his doctor'.

Possession by nouns must be double-marked. The possessed noun must take the gender-appropriate possessive suffix. (This is a result of reanalysis of the older genitive definite article του, της, των between the noun and the possessor as a possessive affix.)

  • ιατρόστου Ωάνιου jatròstu Waňu 'John's doctor'
  • ιατρόστει Αγάθηι jatròsti Agàťhe 'Agatha's doctor'
  • ιατρόστω αθλητώνω jatròsto athľatòno 'the athletes' doctor'

In case of third-from-last stress, the stress shifts to right before the possessive suffix when one is added:

  • nom. sg.: ράλεγα ràľega 'throat' > ραλεγάμου raľegàmu 'my throat'

Feminine declension

μάχη màčha - war
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative μάχη màčha μάχηνι màčhaň μάχηι màčhe μάχηιν màčhen
Genitive μάχει màčhi μάχεινηι màčhiňe μάχιω màčho μάχιωνω màčhono
τσυχή cičhà - self
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative τσυχή cičhà τσυχήνι cičhàň τσυχηί cičhè τσυχηίν cičhèn
Genitive τσυχήρ cičhàr τσυχήνηι cičhàňe τσυχιώ cičhò τσυχιώνω cičhòno
γλασα glasa - language
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative γλάσα glàsa γλάσανι glàsaň γλάσαι glàse γλασαιν glàsen
Genitive γλάσοι glàsy γλάσοινηι glàsyňe γλάσω glàso γλάσωνω glàsono


πολιτεία poľtìja - state (polity)
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative πολιτεία poľtìja πολιτείανι poľtìjaň πολιτείαι poľtìje πολιτείαιν poľtìjen
Genitive πολιτείοι poľtìji πολιτείοινηι poľtìjiňe πολιτείω poľtìjo πολιτείωνω poľtìjono


τρυγα třiga - wing
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative τρυγα třìga τρυγανι třìgaň τρυγαι třìge τρυγαιν třìgen
Genitive τρυγοι třìgy τρυγοινηι třìgyňe τρυγω třìgo τρυγωνω třìgono

Masculine o-declension

Ancient Greek neuters have merged into the masculine gender and most of them take the masculine o-declension.

Masculines that come from AG unaccented -ος or -ον nouns have a zero-marked nominative indefinite:

ώθραπ othrap - human
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ώθραπ òthrap ώθραπον òthrapon ώθραποι òthrapy ώθραποιν òthrapyn
Genitive ωθράπου othràpu ωθράπουνου othràpunu ωθράπω othràpo ωθράπωνω othràpono
Vocative ώθραπε òthrapie ώθραποι òthrapy


δαρ dar - gift
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative δαρ dar δάρον dàron δάροι dàry δάροιν dàryn
Genitive δάρου dàru δάρουνου dàrunu δάρω daro δάρωνω dàrono
Vocative δάρε dàře δάροι dàry

-ορ nouns come from Ancient Greek -ός (accented) nouns.

ιατρόρ jatròr - doctor
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ιατρόρ jatròr ιατρόν jatròn ιατροί jatrý ιατροίν jatrýn
Genitive ιατρού jatrù ιατρούνου jatrùnu ιατρώ jatrò ιατρώνω jatròno
Vocative ιατρέ jatřè ιατροί jatrý

Nouns in -ο come from AG second declension -όν:

τσηνό cianò - bird
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative τσηνό cianò τσηνόν cianòn τσηνοί cianý τσηνοίν cianýn
Genitive τσηνού cianù τσηνούνου cianùnu τσηνώ cianò τσηνώνω cianòno
Nominative τσηνέ ciaňè τσηνοί cianý

Masculine consonant declension

ωδρα odra - man
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ώδρα òdra ώδραν òdran ώδορι òdoř ώδρεν òdřen
Genitive ώδορ òdor ώδρονου òdronu ώδρω òdro ώδρωνω òdrono
Nominative ώδρα òdra ώδορι òdoř

Adjectives (Επιθητοι Jepthiaty)

1st/2nd declension (-os/-ē)

κοινόρ kynòr 'common'
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Nominative κοινόρ kynòr κοινή kynià κοινοί kyný κοινηί kyniè
Genitive κοινού kynù κοινήρ kyniàr κοινώ kynò κοινώ kynò
άγον àgon 'infertile'
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Nominative àgon àgonia àgony àgonie
Genitive agònu agòni agòno agòno

-i adjectives

(adjectives from AG -ēs/-ēs/-es)


αήθει ajàthi 'immoral'
Singular Plural
Common Common
Nominative αήθει ajàthi αήθει ajàthi
Genitive αήθου ajàthu αήθω ajàtho

-iàr adjectives

(adjectives from AG -ḗs/-ḗs/-ès)

ευγινήρ judžňàr 'polite'
Singular Plural
Common Common
Nominative ευγινήρ judžňàr ευγινείρ judžnìr
Genitive ευγινού judžnù ευγινώ judžnò

Prepositions (Προθηισηι Proťhesie)

  • na (gen.) = dative
  • in (gen.) = in
  • pro (acc.) = towards (a place)

Verbs (Ρήματοι Řàmaty)

Verbs have a 2x2x2 active, passive x present, past x indicative, subjunctive structure. They have two principal parts: the present stem and the past stem. Many verbs take the suffix -k- in the past active tense, but some verbs do not.

Negative prefix: ου- u- (before a consonant other than h); ουκ- uk- or uč- (otherwise)

  • παιδεύει pežùji = 3sg teaches; ουπαιδεύει upežùji = 3sg does not teach
  • αγαπάει agapàji = 3sg loves; ουκαγαπάει ukagapàji = 3sg does not love
  • εισάγει isàdži = it imports; ουκειάγει učisàdži = it does not import

Weak vowel verbs

Weak vowel-stem verbs are the most regular classes of verbs and have several subclasses:

  1. -άναι -àne verbs (from -άειν contracting to -αν)
  2. -είναι -ìne verbs (from -έειν contracting to -ειν)
  3. -ùne verbs, with 2 subclasses:
    • -εύναι -jùne verbs (from -εύειν)
    • -ούναι -ùne verbs (from -όειν contracting to -ουν)
παιδεύναι pežùne 'to teach'
voice tense ga si ot/otia šam šať oty/ote
active present indicative pežùwa pežùjir pežùji pežùm pežùť pežùš
present subjunctive pežùjo pežùjar pežuja pežujam pežujať pežujaš
past indicative pèžuka pèžukar pèžuč pežùkam pežùkať pežùkaš
past subjunctive pežùkajo pežùkajar pežùkaja pežùkajam pežùkajať pežùkajaš
imperative - pèžuj! pežùthi! - - pežùť! -
infinitive pežùne
past infinitive pežučène
participle pežùwota, pežùra
passive present indicative pežùme pežùre pežùte pežuwònta pežùsť pežùwote
present subjunctive pežùwimo pežùwiro pežùwito pežuwìntha pežùwisť pežuwìjoto
past indicative pèžuťha pèžuťhast pežùťhač pežùťham pežùťhať pežùťhaš
past subjunctive pežùťhejo pežùťhejast pežùťheja pežùťhejam pežùťhejať pežùťhejaš
imperative - pežùre! - - pežùsť! -
infinitive pežùsthe
past infinitive pežùťhane
participle pežùmien, pežùmňa


agapane 'to love'
voice tense ga si ot/otia šam šať oty/ote
active present indicative agapawa agapajir agapaji agapam agapať agapaš
present subjunctive agapajo agapajar agapaja agapajam agapajať agapajaš
past indicative agapiaka agapiakast agapiač agapiakam agapiakať agapiakaš
past subjunctive agapiakajo agapiakajast agapiakaja agapiakajam agapiakajať agapiakajaš
imperative - agapaj! - - agapať! -
infinitive agapane
past infinitive agapiačne
participle agapawota, agapara
passive present indicative agapame agapare agapate agapanta agapasť agapawote
present subjunctive agapawime agapawire agapawite agapawintha agapawisť agapawijote
past indicative agapieťha agapieťhast agapieťhač agapieťham agapieťhať agapieťhaš
past subjunctive agapieťhejo agapieťhejast agapieťheja agapieťhejam agapieťhejať agapieťhejaš
imperative - agapare! - - agapasť! -
infinitive agapasthe
past infinitive agapieťhane
participle agapamien, agapamnia

Weak consonant verbs

ξευρσκειναι šurščine 'to find'

  • Pres. act. ind.: ξευρσκα, ξευρσκειρ, ξευρσκει, ξευρσκομ, ξευρσκετι, ξευρσκουξ šurška, šurščir, šuršči, šurškom, šurščeť, šurškuš
  • Pres. act. subj.: ξευρσκιω, ξευρσκηρ, ξευρσκη, ξευρσκημ, ξευρσκητι, ξευρσκηξ šurščo, šurščar, šuršča, šurščam, šurščať, šurščaš
  • Past act.: ξευρηκα, ξευρηκαστ, ξευρηικι, ξευρηκαμ, ξευρηκατι, ξευρηκαξ šuřaka, šuřakast, šuřeč, šuřakam, šuřakať, šuřakaš
  • Past act. subj.: ξευρηκαϊω, ξευρηκαϊηστ, ξευρηκαϊη... šuřakajo, šuřakajast, šuřakaja, šuřakajam, šuřakajať, šuřakajaš
  • Pres. pass. ind.: ξευρσκμαι, ξευρσκεραι, ξευρσκεται, ξευρσκονθα, ξευρσκεστι, ξευρσκωται šurškme, šurščere, šurščete, šurškontha, šurščesť, šurškote
  • Pres. pass. subj.: ξευρσκοιμαι, ξευρσκοιραι, ξευρσκοιται, ξευρσκοινθα, ξευρσκοιστι, ξευρσκοιωται šurškyme, šurškyre, šurškyte, šurškyntha, šurškysť, šurškyjote
  • Past pass. ind.: šuriaťho, šuriaťhast, šuriaťhač, šuriaťham, šuriaťhať, šuriaťhaš
  • Past pass. subj.: šuriaťhajo, šuriaťhajast, šuriaťhaja, šuriaťhajam, šuriaťhajať, šuriaťhajaš
  • Active participle: šurškota, šurškura (m/f)
  • Passive participle: šurškomien, šurškomňa (m/f)

Strong verbs

Irregular verbs

είναι ine 'to be'

  • Infinitive: είναι ine
  • Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστι, σμε, στε, ειξ im, ir, jesť, smie, sťe, iš
    • Negative forms: ούκειμ, ούκειρ, ούξτι, ουξμέ, ουξτέ, ούκειξ ùčim, ùčir, ùšť, ušmiè, ušťè, ùčiš
  • Subjunctive: είω, είηρ, είη, είημ, είητι, είηξ ìjo, ìjar, ìja, ìjam, ìjať, ìjaš
  • Past: ήκα, ήκαστ, ηκι, ήκαμ, ήκατι, ήκαξ jàka, jàkast, jač, jàkam, jàkať, jàkaš
  • Participle: είωτα, είουρα ìjota, ìjura

Numerals (Αριθμοί Ařthmý)

  • 1, ..., 10: šir/mňa/šen, žo, třir/třìja, ťèsier, pièťe, šeš, šèpta, òkta, jèňa, ďèka
  • 11, ..., 19: šèdka, žòdka, třìdka, ťèsradka, piètadka, šèšadka, šèptadka, òktadka, jèňadka, ìkoř
  • 21, ..., 29: ìkoř šen, ìkoř žo, ìkoř třìja, ... ìkoř jèňa
  • 30, ..., 100: třàta, saròta, pieňèta, šešèta, šemièta, oktòta, jeňèta, šekatò

Syntax (Siotachia)

'To have'

Jest na mu mial.
be.3SG.PRES to/for 1SG.GEN apple
I have an apple.

Conjunctions

  • jo = if
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