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Minhast: Difference between revisions
Moved particle "damikman" to the temoral adverbial section.
(Moved particle "damikman" to the temoral adverbial section.) |
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Just as Minhast has an array of deictic markers that encode proximity and distance from the speaker, the language has an array of particles encoding temporal relations. The particle ''damikman'' occurs as a time adverbial for all team references. It derives its exact semantic meaning on the tense marker in the verb, whereas the other temporal markers mark explicit time spaces independent of the verb's tense marker. ''Damikman'' also conveys a hightened sense of uncertainty because of its sole reliance on the verb's tense marker. Nevertheless, as tense in Minhast is relative, all temporal particles, whether marked by ''damikman'' or its more discrete adverbial counterparts, also operate under a relative time reference, a reference based not on the speech act, but on the connected discourse of the speaker's narrative. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Present | ! colspan="2" | Present | ||
| attim | | | ||
# attim | |||
# damikman | |||
| attim wa= | | attim wa= | ||
| wattim | | wattim | ||
| now | | | ||
# now | |||
# at this very moment | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Past | ! rowspan="2" | Past | ||
! Proximal | ! Proximal | ||
| runa | | | ||
# runa | |||
# damikman | |||
| runa wa= | | runa wa= | ||
| warruna | | warruna | ||
| just awhile ago | | | ||
* just awhile ago | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Distal | ! Distal | ||
| demaħt | | | ||
# demaħt | |||
# damikman | |||
| demaħte wa= | | demaħte wa= | ||
| n/a | | n/a | ||
| a long time ago | | | ||
# a long time ago | |||
# once upon a time | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Future | ! rowspan="2" | Future | ||
! Proximal | ! Proximal | ||
| sukku | | | ||
# sukku | |||
# damikman | |||
| sukku wa= | | sukku wa= | ||
| wassukku | | wassukku | ||
| soon | | | ||
* soon | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Distal | ! Distal | ||
| saħrap | | | ||
# saħrap | |||
# damikman | |||
| saħrap wa | | saħrap wa | ||
| wassaħrap | | wassaħrap | ||
| sometime later, months or perhaps even years later | | | ||
# sometime later, months or perhaps even years later | |||
# perhaps later | |||
|} | |} | ||