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Minhast: Difference between revisions
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====Augmentive Nouns==== | |||
Minhast has a productive system of nominal augmentation, based on CVC-reduplication of the first syllable, with the insertion of the infix ''-ra-'', or ''-r-'' if folowed by /a/, into the second syllable resulting from the reduplication. The following example illustrates the basic process of forming the augmentive of ''kaslub'' (dog): | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = kaskaraslub | |||
| IPA = /'kas'karaslub/ | |||
| morphemes = kas~ka~ra~slub | |||
| gloss = dog.CVC~CV~AUG~dog.C~dog | |||
| translation = large dog; Asian mastiff | |||
}} | |||
Augmentation is notoriously irregular; many patterns include applying the basic augmentation pattern with the addition of other augmentation-related suffixes. The most common suffixes are ''-an-'', ''-dan-'', and ''-am-''. Other patterns include replacing the ''-CVC-'' with gemination of the medial consonant followed by the ''-ra-/-r-''. The derivation of the augmentative from the word ''kunnay'' (sheath) illustrates this irregular pattern: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = kunnaray | |||
| IPA = /'kunnaray/ | |||
| morphemes = kun~n~a-r-ay | |||
| gloss = sheath~C~a-AUG-sheath | |||
| translation = scabbard | |||
}} | |||
A very rare form of augmentation, found in words with at least three syllables, is C-reduplication of the last consonant of the second syllable, followed by the remaining syllables of the word. The ''-r(a)-'' affix is absent in this type of augmentation pattern. This augmentation pattern is often, though not always, associated with deriving collective nouns. The augmentation of the Salmon Speaker dialectal word ''minagamāt'' (orca), derives a collective noun: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = minagaggamāt | |||
| IPA = /mina'gag:gamāt/ | |||
| morphemes = minaga~g~gamāt | |||
| gloss = orca~C~orca | |||
| translation = orca school, pod | |||
}} | |||
This pattern is not restricted to the Salmon Speaker dialect. This pattern is occasionally also found in the Horse Speaker dialectal word ''nakkarumāt'' (blood-thornbush) to derive a new word: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = nakkarurrumāt | |||
| IPA = /nak.ka'rur:uma:t/ | |||
| morphemes = nakkaru~r~rumāt | |||
| gloss = blood.thornbush~C~blood.thornbush | |||
| translation = entanglement, dangerous intrigue | |||
}} | |||
== Particles == | == Particles == | ||