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Tulvan: Difference between revisions
→Orthography
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|ancestor = Old Tulvan | |ancestor = Old Tulvan | ||
|priori= | |priori= | ||
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==Name== | ==Name== | ||
The native speakers of the language believe the name Tulvan to derive directly from their word 'tulv' meaning "to think", stating that their language is the best and most efficient way to express thought. This is, of course, highly unlikely, and many experts consider it just a case of folk etymology. The origin of the root of the name is unknown, although archaeological and liguistic studies point towards the ancient use of the endonym Tuluan and the region called Tuluanna as more possible and credible sources of the name. The exact meaning of it remains, as of yet, undetermined. | The native speakers of the language believe the name Tulvan to derive directly from their word 'tulv' meaning "to think", stating that their language is the best and most efficient way to express thought. This is, of course, highly unlikely, and many experts consider it just a case of folk etymology. The origin of the root of the name is unknown, although archaeological and liguistic studies point towards the ancient use of the endonym Tuluan and the region called Tuluanna as more possible and credible sources of the name. The exact meaning of it remains, as of yet, undetermined. | ||
==Orthography== | |||
The alphabet consists of 25 letters, five of which are vowels and 20 consonants. Diacritics are used for the vowels to mark palatization. | |||
<center> | |||
{| class="bluetable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | |||
! colspan="25" | Letters of the Tulvan alphabet | |||
|- | |||
| Aa || Bb || Cc || Dd || Ee || Ff || Gg || Hh || Ii || Kk || Ll || Mm || Nn || Oo || Pp || Qq || Rr || Ss || Tt || Thth || Uu || Vv || Ww || Yy || Zz | |||
|} | |||
</center> | |||
The five vowels can further be marked with the diaeresis to express the palatalized vowels. These, however, are not considered distinct letters, but modified vowels. | |||
<center> | |||
{| class="bluetable" style="width: 15em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | |||
! colspan="5" | Palatal vowels | |||
|- | |||
| Ää || Ëë || Ïï || Öö || Üü | |||
|} | |||
</center> | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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'''Notes''': | '''Notes''': | ||
* The only distinction in vowels is between regular vowels and palatized ones, these last ones written: | * The only distinction in vowels is between regular vowels and palatized ones, these last ones written: {{angbr|ä, ë, ö, ü}} | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
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The time particle ''ni'' is used in Tulvan as a locative for notions of time. Technically it has no equivalent in English, but can generally be translated by "''in, at''" referring to time periods. However, the particle is very idiosyncratic. For example, in an expression such as "it's night-time" you'd use the particle introducing the word for "night": | The time particle ''ni'' is used in Tulvan as a locative for notions of time. Technically it has no equivalent in English, but can generally be translated by "''in, at''" referring to time periods. However, the particle is very idiosyncratic. For example, in an expression such as "it's night-time" you'd use the particle introducing the word for "night": | ||
*'''Ëv ni nari.''' "It's night-time." | |||
or | or | ||
*'''Ëv ni wen ikem.''' "It's my day." | |||
These two show situations where the particle ''ni'' has no translation but must to be used before introducing a period of time, just like in the common greeing " | These two show situations where the particle ''ni'' has no translation but must to be used before introducing a period of time, just like in the common greeing "'''trum ni nari'''" or "''goodnight''". Notice that here the particle has no particular meaning other than being required to talk about time. In the following example, however, the particle can be roughly translated by the English "in": | ||
*'''Kalev vu kwam mem ''ni'' oren yulen.''' "I haven't seen you in a thousand years." | |||
Notice that the particle ''ni'' has no strict meaning, thus for actual specifications of beginning or end, postpositions will be necessary: | Notice that the particle ''ni'' has no strict meaning, thus for actual specifications of beginning or end, postpositions will be necessary: | ||
E.g.: | E.g.: | ||
*'''Ni wen ''gim'' ni nari ''cum''.''' "From day to night." | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||