User:Chrysophylax/YaLU: Difference between revisions

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'''Notes'''
'''Notes'''
# Different pronouns are used for the third person depending on the referent's animacy. The word '''jee''' can only be used for animate referents and can be pluralised to '''jeemeḏ''', whereas inanimate '''śi''' only can appear with inanimates and cannot be pluralised.
# Different pronouns are used for the third person depending on the referent's animacy. The word '''jee''' can only be used for animate referents and can be pluralised to '''jeemeḏ''', whereas inanimate '''śi''' can solely appear with inanimates, e.g., '''úúlem śi …''' "the country, it…", and cannot be pluralised.


The proclitic versions are '''ha-''', '''ńa-''', '''je-''', '''śi-''' in the singular and '''hee-''', '''ńee-''', '''mee-''' in the plural.
The proclitic versions are '''ha-''', '''ńa-''', '''je-''', '''śi-''' in the singular and '''hee-''', '''ńee-''', '''mee-''' in the plural.


====Nouns====
Nouns are relatively simple, being marked for possession and number. The only major difference between animate and inanimate nouns is that only animate nouns may be pluralised. Inanimate nouns need to use a periphrastic construction to express plurality.
=====Number=====
Animate nouns are pluralised simply by affixing the correct prefix or circumfix, which in turn varies depending on whether the noun refers to a human or not, on whether the noun is respected by the speaker.
For all parts where a V is written, replace this with the same vowel that is found in the word.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!human
!non-human
|-
|{{sc|neutral}}||-míít||-ta
|-
|{{sc|respective}}||Vz-_-t||Vr-_-ta
|-
|{{sc|disrespective}}||Vl-_-t||Vm-_-ta
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|||''tak'' chief|| ''ḡààj'' elk
|-
!
!human
!non-human
|-
|{{sc|neutral}}||tagmíít ''rulers''||ḡààt́a ''elks''
|-
|{{sc|respective}}||assaht ''just rulers''||àrkààt́a ''noble elks''
|-
|{{sc|disrespective}}||aldaht ''treacherous rulers''||àmkààt́a ''wretched elks''
|}
=====Possession=====
All nouns change for possession, which can be broadly divided into alienable and inalienable possession. The marking for alienable possession is achieved by means of certain prefixes which indicate the person and their number.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!S
!P
|-
|{{sc|1P}}||u-||hù-
|-
|{{sc|2P}}||a-||ẕè-
|-
|{{sc|3P}}||ya-||yú-
|}
The noun is then followed by its possessor, either a pronoun or a noun. Pronouns are always in the singular in the third person, even if the noun has a possessive plural marker.
:''yadnald jee''
:"He has a dog (lit. his-dog he)"
:''yúdnald jee''
:"They have a dog (lit. their-dog he)"
:''yaḡaaj ẕal yùśi jee''
:"They have some rocks (lit. {{sc|3sg.poss}};rock many {{sc|3pl.poss}};it he)"
:''hùhassat haryań''
:"Our noble rulers"
To show inalienable possession, which is reserved for family members, body parts, etc., the word gains the enclitic version of the relevant pronoun as a prefix.
:''ha-pàs''
:"My mother (lit. I-mother)"
:''je-wel''
:"Her nose (lit. she-nose)"
:''je-wel yaśi ha-pàs''
:"My mother's nose (lit. {{sc|3sg}}-nose {{sc|3sg.poss}};it {{sc|1sg}}-mother)"
<!--
====Stems====
====Stems====


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====Roots====
====Roots====
The roots of the language are further split into animate and inanimate. To the animate category certain animals, spirits, gods, creatures possessing a modicum of independent will (e.g., talking plants in a story), humans, certain natural phenomena such as lightning or hurricanes, and to the inanimate we find everything else.
The roots of the language are further split into animate and inanimate. To the animate category certain animals, spirits, gods, creatures possessing a modicum of independent will (e.g., talking plants in a story), humans, certain natural phenomena such as lightning or hurricanes, and to the inanimate we find everything else.
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
Nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology
-->


====Verbs====
====Verbs====
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It is most prudent to begin with the temporal facet of verb construction for the verb is ever marked with a suitable tense, of which we are allowed to choose two: present and non-present.
It is most prudent to begin with the temporal facet of verb construction for the verb is ever marked with a suitable tense, of which we are allowed to choose two: present and non-present.


====Nouns====
-->
Nouns are relatively simple, being marked for possession and number. The only major difference between animate and inanimate nouns is that only animate nouns may be pluralised. Inanimate nouns need to use a periphrastic construction to express plurality.


===Syntax===
===Syntax===