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====Nouns==== | ====Nouns==== | ||
Nouns are relatively simple, being marked for possession and number. The only major difference between animate and inanimate nouns is that only animate nouns may be pluralised. Inanimate nouns need to use a periphrastic construction to express plurality. | Nouns are relatively simple, being marked for possession and number. The only major difference between animate and inanimate nouns is that only animate nouns may be pluralised. Inanimate nouns need to use a periphrastic construction to express plurality. | ||
=====Number===== | |||
All nouns change for possession. | Animate nouns are pluralised simply by affixing the correct prefix or circumfix, which in turn varies depending on whether the noun refers to a human or not, on whether the noun is respected by the speaker. | ||
For all parts where a V is written, replace this with the same vowel that is found in the word. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!human | |||
!non-human | |||
|- | |||
|{{sc|neutral}}||-míít||-ta | |||
|- | |||
|{{sc|respective}}||Vz-_-t||Vr-_-ta | |||
|- | |||
|{{sc|disrespective}}||Vl-_-t||Vm-_-ta | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|||''tak'' chief|| ''ḡààj'' elk | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
!human | |||
!non-human | |||
|- | |||
|{{sc|neutral}}||tagmíít ''rulers''||ḡààt́a ''elks'' | |||
|- | |||
|{{sc|respective}}||assaht ''just rulers''||àrkààt́a ''noble elks'' | |||
|- | |||
|{{sc|disrespective}}||aldaht ''treacherous rulers''||àmkààt́a ''wretched elks'' | |||
|} | |||
=====Possession===== | |||
All nouns change for possession, which can be broadly divided into alienable and inalienable possession. The marking for alienable possession is achieved by means of certain prefixes which indicate the person and their number. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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:"They have a dog (lit. their-dog he)" | :"They have a dog (lit. their-dog he)" | ||
:''yaḡaaj ẕal yùśi jee'' | |||
:"They have some rocks (lit. {{sc|3sg.poss}};rock many {{sc|3pl.poss}};it he)" | |||
:''hùhassat haryań'' | |||
:"Our noble rulers" | |||
To show inalienable possession, which is reserved for family members, body parts, etc., the word gains the enclitic version of the relevant pronoun as a prefix. | |||
:''ha-pàs'' | |||
:"My mother (lit. I-mother)" | |||
:''je-wel'' | |||
:"Her nose (lit. she-nose)" | |||
:''je-wel yaśi ha-pàs'' | |||
:"My mother's nose (lit. {{sc|3sg}}-nose {{sc|3sg.poss}};it {{sc|1sg}}-mother)" | |||
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====Stems==== | ====Stems==== | ||
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It is most prudent to begin with the temporal facet of verb construction for the verb is ever marked with a suitable tense, of which we are allowed to choose two: present and non-present. | It is most prudent to begin with the temporal facet of verb construction for the verb is ever marked with a suitable tense, of which we are allowed to choose two: present and non-present. | ||
--> | |||
===Syntax=== | ===Syntax=== | ||