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User:Chrysophylax/YaLU: Difference between revisions
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Chrysophylax (talk | contribs) m (→Nouns) |
Chrysophylax (talk | contribs) m (→Possession) |
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Nouns are relatively simple, being marked for possession and number. The only major difference between animate and inanimate nouns is that only animate nouns may be pluralised. Inanimate nouns need to use a periphrastic construction to express plurality. | Nouns are relatively simple, being marked for possession and number. The only major difference between animate and inanimate nouns is that only animate nouns may be pluralised. Inanimate nouns need to use a periphrastic construction to express plurality. | ||
=====Number===== | |||
Animate nouns are pluralised simply by affixing the correct prefix or circumfix, which in turn varies depending on whether the noun refers to a human or not, on whether the noun is respected by the speaker. | Animate nouns are pluralised simply by affixing the correct prefix or circumfix, which in turn varies depending on whether the noun refers to a human or not, on whether the noun is respected by the speaker. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|||''tak'' chief|| ''ḡààj'' elk | |||''tak'' chief|| ''ḡààj'' elk | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|{{sc|respective}}||assaht ''just rulers''||àrkààt́a ''noble elks'' | |{{sc|respective}}||assaht ''just rulers''||àrkààt́a ''noble elks'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{sc|disrespective}}|| | |{{sc|disrespective}}||aldaht ''treacherous rulers''||àmkààt́a ''wretched elks'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Possession===== | |||
All nouns change for possession, which can be broadly divided into alienable and inalienable possession. The marking for alienable possession is achieved by means of certain prefixes which indicate the person and their number. | |||
All nouns change for possession. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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:"They have a dog (lit. their-dog he)" | :"They have a dog (lit. their-dog he)" | ||
:''yaḡaaj ẕal yùśi jee'' | |||
:"They have some rocks (lit. {{sc|3sg.poss}};rock many {{sc|3pl.poss}};it he)" | |||
:''hùhassat haryań'' | |||
:"Our noble rulers" | |||
To show inalienable possession, which is reserved for family members, body parts, etc., the word gains the enclitic version of the relevant pronoun as a prefix. | |||
:''ha-pàs'' | |||
:"My mother (lit. I-mother)" | |||
:''je-wel'' | |||
:"Her nose (lit. she-nose)" | |||
:''je-wel yaśi ha-pàs'' | |||
:"My mother's nose (lit. {{sc|3sg}}-nose {{sc|3sg.poss}};it {{sc|1sg}}-mother)" | |||
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====Stems==== | ====Stems==== | ||