User:Chrysophylax/Phonology: Difference between revisions

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(This needs through-thinking when less tired. Why would we let *H -> vowel after a vowel? Isn't it easier to just > ø and lengthen vowel to compensate?)
(This needs through-thinking when less tired. Why would we let *H -> vowel after a vowel? Isn't it easier to just > ø and lengthen vowel to compensate?)
##A PIE laryngeal ''*H'' will be vocalised (1,2,3 → e,a,o) before a consonant except for the sequences ''-h₃w-'', ''-gH-'', which change to ''-gw-'', ''-gʰ-'' respectively.
##A PIE laryngeal ''*H'' will be vocalised (1,2,3 → e,a,o) before a consonant except for the sequences  
##:''énen'' ‘name’ < PIE ''*h₁nómn̥-''  
##:''énen'' ‘name’ < PIE ''*h₁nómn̥-''  
##:''biphos'' ‘alive’ < EPH ''*gʷigwós'' < PIE ''*gʷih₃wós''
##:''biphos'' ‘alive’ < EPH ''*gʷigwós'' < PIE ''*gʷih₃wós''
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#ASSUME GREEK TRIPLE REFLEX
#ASSUME GREEK TRIPLE REFLEX
#Exceptions: ''-h₃w-'', ''-gH-'' → ''-gw-'', ''-gʰ-''.
====Short vowels====
====Short vowels====
#The short vowel system inherited from Late Indo-European remained surprisingly stable with only a raising of IE ''*o'' to u and a diphthongisation of IE ''*e'' in some phonological contexts.
#The short vowel system inherited from Late Indo-European remained surprisingly stable with only a raising of IE ''*o'' to u and a diphthongisation of IE ''*e'' in some phonological contexts.

Revision as of 17:20, 20 July 2014

Phonology

Vowels

Vocalisation of laryngeals

  1. ASSUME GREEK TRIPLE REFLEX
  2. Exceptions: -h₃w-, -gH--gw-, -gʰ-.

Short vowels

  1. The short vowel system inherited from Late Indo-European remained surprisingly stable with only a raising of IE *o to u and a diphthongisation of IE *e in some phonological contexts.
    1. IE *a was preserved as a
    2. IE *o was preserved as o except R_Cʷ where it was raised to u.
      bori ‘hill’ < IE *gʷor̥
      nyps ‘night’ < EPH *núpts < IE *nókʷts
    3. IE *e was preserved initially as e.
      thémmi ‘I say’ < IE *ḱéh₁mi
    4. EPH *e would later diphthongise into je between a resonant and a consonant.
      khirjéthōi ‘harder’ < LPH *χĭrjéθōi < EPH *χrétʲōi < IE *kret-yō-s
    5. IE *i yields i except after a labial and before a consonant where it becomes e.
      limpimos ‘we allow’ < EPH *linpimós < IE *linkʷm̥ós
      pes ‘who’ < IE *kʷis
    6. IE *u was preserved as u

Long vowels

  1. The IE long vowels are well preserved, if not always in the original form.
    1. IE ā
    2. IE ē
    3. IE → EPH i
    4. IE ō
    5. IE → EPH *u̯iy

Diphthongs

  1. The IE system of diphthongs was fully preserved in the earliest stages of the language but would later be much simplified.
    1. IE *aiai
    2. IE *oiai
    3. IE *eiei
    4. IE *auau
    5. IE *ouau
    6. IE *euū~eu
    7. IE *Vi̯ (where V is a long vowel) → V

Sonorants

    1. Both nasal *ṃ *ṇ become EPH *a.
      áphros ‘storm cloud’ < EPH aphrós < PIE *n̥bʰrós
      káton ‘a hundred’ < EPH katóm < PIE *ḱm̥tóm