Verse:Schngellstein/Stem-Celtic Nurian: Difference between revisions
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==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||
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Revision as of 15:21, 10 December 2021
Pronouns
case | 1sg. | 2sg. (familiar) | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl., polite | 3pl. | reflexive | interrogative/relative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
"he" | "she" | "it" | "who" | "what" | |||||||
nom. | ja | tu | se | sa | sud | am | ju | sir | - | ke | kid |
acc. | mi | ti | sun | san | sud | ang | jung | sur | hi | kun | kid |
gen. | min | tiv | siv | siv | ta | angar | jungar | sar | hiv | kiv | kia |
dat. | mõi | tõi | sõme, sõm | sõre, sõr | tõme, tõm | angav | jungav | siv, serav | hõi | kõme, kõm | kiime, kiim |
abl.-loc. | mined, med | tived, ted | sõmed | sõred | tõmed | angav | jungav | siv, serav | hived, hed | kõmed | kiimed |
(oblique forms of kid are from Qivattu kit 'what' + appropriate case forms of the neuter sg. relative pronoun jut)
Verbs
TODO: revamp tenses to get split-ergativity, add evidentiality
Unlike Qivattutannguaq, Pestonian is NOT pro-drop.
There is a 2x2 tense structure: {non-past, past} x {imperfective, perfective}.
Ergativity is used in perfect(ive) tenses. The verb agrees with the noun in the absolutive case, and the ergative subject is marked with the ablative-locative case: Sõmed teisedim. 'He will find me.'
As in Hebrew and Russian, some tenses are pro-drop but some tenses are not.
eed "to be":
- ja im, tu er, se/sa/sud eed, am imme, ju eht, sir huud
teised "to find":
- Non-past imperfective: ja teisia, tu teiser, se/sa/sud teised, am teisim, ju teisid, sir teisud
- Past imperfective: ja teisa, tu teist, se/sa/sud teis, am teisam, ju teisad, sir teiser
- Future perfective: ja teisiar, tu teisedar, se/sa/sud teisedur, am teisemaht, ju teisedaht, si teisudur
- Past perfective: ja teisedim, tu teiseder, se/sa/sud teiseded, am teisedim, ju teisedeht, si teiserur
vinned "to join":
- Non-past imperfective: ja vinna, tu vinner, se/sa/sud vinned, am vinnam, ju vinned, sir vinnud
- Past imperfective: ja vanner, tu vannet, se/sa/sud vanner, am vanneme, ju vannete, sir vanner
- Past perfective: vandim, vander, vanded, vandime, vandite, vandud
- Future perfective: vantõim, vantõir, vantõid, vantõime, vantõite, vantõjud
teepudad "to rule":
- Non-past imperfective: ja teepuda, tu teepudar, se teepudad, am teepudam, ju teepudad, sir teepudud
- Past imperfective: ja teepudar, tu teepudat, se teepudar, am teepudame, ju teepudate, sir teepudar
- Past perfective: teepudadim, teepudader, teepudaded, teepudadime, teepudadite, teepudadud
- Future perfective: teepudatõim, teepudatõir, teepudatõid, teepudatõime, teepudatõite, teepudatõjud