Scellan/Middle: Difference between revisions

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'''Middle Skellan''' is the direct descendant of [[Tigol]] that was spoken in Skella. It had become Early Modern [[Skellan]] around fT 1150.
'''Middle Scellan''' is the direct descendant of [[Tigol]] that was spoken in Scella. It had become Early Modern [[Scellan]] around fT 1150. There are many different dialects of Middle Scellan.


Many works of literature survive in Middle Scellan.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
The following describes Alcvean Middle Scellan
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The '''Scellan spirantization''' had taken place: the Tigol lenited (voiced) stops ḃ ṗ ḋ ṫ ġ ċ /b bʰ d dʰ g gʰ/ had shifted to /v f ð θ ɣ x/. Compare Anbiric ([[Anbirese]] and [[Ciètian]]), which experienced a different consonant shift.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Lateral !! Velar !! Glottal
!colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|Nasal
!rowspan="2"|Nasal
Line 12: Line 16:
| '''nn''' /N/
| '''nn''' /N/
|  
|  
| '''ŋŋ''' /Ŋ/  
| '''ññ''' /Ŋ/  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 19: Line 23:
| '''n''' /n/
| '''n''' /n/
|  
|  
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/  
| '''ñ''' /ŋ/  
|  
|  
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|Plosive
!rowspan="2"|Plosive
!<small>fortis</small>
!<small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''p''' /pʰ/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /tʰ/
|  
|  
| '''c''' /k/ ||
| '''c''' /kʰ/ ||
|-
|-
!<small>lenis</small>
!<small>plain</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''b''' /p/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''d''' /t/
|  
|  
| '''g''' /g/ ||  
| '''g''' /k/ ||  
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|Non-sibilant
!rowspan="2"|Spirant
!<small>unvoiced</small>
!<small>unvoiced</small>
| '''f, ph''' /f/  
| '''f''' /f/  
| '''th''' /θ/
| '''þ''' /θ/
|  
|  
| '''ch''' /x/ || '''sh, h''' /h/
| '''ç''' /x/ ||
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
| '''bh''' /v/
| '''v''' /v/
| '''dh''' /ð/  
| '''ð''' /ð/  
|  
|  
| '''gh''' /ɣ/ ||
| '''ȝ''' /ɣ/ ||
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Sibilant
!colspan="2"|Sibilant
|   
|   
| '''s''' /s̻/, '''z''' /s̺/
| '''s''' /s̻/, '''z''' /s̺/
| '''x''' /ɬ/ ||  
| '''x''' /ʃ/ ||  
|  
| '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Affricate
!colspan="2"|Affricate
|  
|  
| '''ts''' /ts/  
| '''ts''' /ts/  
| '''tx''' /tɬ/
| '''tx''' /tʃ/
| ||  
| ||  
|-
|-
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!<small>fortis</small>
!<small>fortis</small>
|   
|   
| '''rr''' /R/  
| '''rr''' /R/,  '''ll''' /L̃/  
| '''ll''' /L/ ||  
| ||  
|  
|  
|-
|-
!<small>lenis</small>
!<small>lenis</small>
|  
|  
| '''r''' /r/ || '''l''' /l/  
| '''r''' /r/, '''l''' /l̃/ ||
|  ||
|  ||
|}
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
a á e é i í y o ó ö ő u ú ü ai ei eu iu oi ui ia ua
Middle Scellan had an asymmetric vowel system. Vowel length, inherited from Tigol, was in the process of being replaced with vowel quality (cf. American English).
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" |Front
! colspan="2" |Central
! colspan="3" |Back
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |<small>unrounded</small>
! colspan="2" style="" |<small>rounded</small>
! style=" " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style=" " |<small>rounded</small>
! style=" " |<small>unrounded</small>
! colspan="2" style=" " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
!style=" "|<small>short</small>
!style=" "|<small>long</small>
!style=" "|<small>short</small>
!style=" "|<small>long</small>
!style=" "|<small>short</small>
!style=" "|<small>long</small>
!style=" "|<small>short</small>
!style=" "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /ɪ/
| '''í''' /i(ː)/
| '''ü''' /ʏ/
|
| '''y''' /ɨ/
| '''ú''' /ʉ(ː)/
| '''u''' /ʊ/
|
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /ɛ/
| '''é''' /e(ː)/
| '''ö''' /œ/
|
|
|
| '''o''' /ɔ/
| '''ó''' /o(ː)/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|
| '''á''' /ɒ(ː)/
|}
 
Diphthongs: '''ai aü ei eu iu oe ui ia ua''' = /ai ay ei eu iu oe ui iə üə/


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Line 80: Line 141:
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Predicate-first syntax
Tíogall grammar, minus the split-ergativity.
===Predicates===
 
:''Að smøøh bo sbenopats twm øráð bo [toxrorégin] syrŋ a go þarcǿma ŋe.''
:SG world COL dinosaur NEG only COL evolve-PASS.PART new DET PST.IPFV inhabit it
:The world of the dinosaurs was not solely occupied by the newly-evolved. [The world of the dinosaurs, not only the newly evolved inhabited it.]
 
In some tenses (progressive, perfect) the particle ''fa'' can be used after the ''a'' when fronting.
 
:''Dy iant a duvwŋ.''
:The teacher is sleeping.
:''Duvwŋ a (fa) dy iant.''
:It's the teacher who is sleeping.
 
===Contrasting===
Contrastive "partial clauses" borrow the syntax used in focused clauses.
:''Dy ell Sani Maið, ah twm a ry Hmorill.''
: Sani loves Maið, but Hmorill does not [love him].


:''Dy ell Sani Maið, ah twm Gelli.''
[[Category:Languages]]
:Sani loves Maið, but she does not love Gelli.
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 20:54, 3 January 2022

Middle Scellan is the direct descendant of Tigol that was spoken in Scella. It had become Early Modern Scellan around fT 1150. There are many different dialects of Middle Scellan.

Many works of literature survive in Middle Scellan.

Phonology

The following describes Alcvean Middle Scellan

Consonants

The Scellan spirantization had taken place: the Tigol lenited (voiced) stops ḃ ṗ ḋ ṫ ġ ċ /b bʰ d dʰ g gʰ/ had shifted to /v f ð θ ɣ x/. Compare Anbiric (Anbirese and Ciètian), which experienced a different consonant shift.

Labial Dental/Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal fortis mm /M/ nn /N/ ññ /Ŋ/
lenis m /m/ n /n/ ñ /ŋ/
Plosive aspirated p /pʰ/ t /tʰ/ c /kʰ/
plain b /p/ d /t/ g /k/
Spirant unvoiced f /f/ þ /θ/ ç /x/
voiced v /v/ ð /ð/ ȝ /ɣ/
Sibilant s /s̻/, z /s̺/ x /ʃ/ h /h/
Affricate ts /ts/ tx /tʃ/
Resonant fortis rr /R/, ll /L̃/
lenis r /r/, l /l̃/

Vowels

Middle Scellan had an asymmetric vowel system. Vowel length, inherited from Tigol, was in the process of being replaced with vowel quality (cf. American English).

Scellan/Middle vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close i /ɪ/ í /i(ː)/ ü /ʏ/ y /ɨ/ ú /ʉ(ː)/ u /ʊ/
Mid e /ɛ/ é /e(ː)/ ö /œ/ o /ɔ/ ó /o(ː)/
Open a /a/ á /ɒ(ː)/

Diphthongs: ai aü ei eu iu oe ui ia ua = /ai ay ei eu iu oe ui iə üə/

Morphology

Nouns

Verbs

Syntax

Tíogall grammar, minus the split-ergativity.

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