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Minhast: Difference between revisions
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Added stuff about the Irrealis
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! Quotative | ! Quotative | ||
| -namā | | -namā | ||
| | | Marks the following clause as direct speech, usually translated as "saying", or "thus, he said". This affix allows for the breaking of the S/O pivot. | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!--! Indirect Quotative | <!--! Indirect Quotative | ||
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! Consequential | ! Consequential | ||
| -dur- <br/> -dūr- | | -dur- <br/> -dūr- | ||
| Indicates the clause is a direct result of the preceding clause. May or may not be preceded by a ''-mā'' clause. If the Irrealis ''-š'' is attached, the affix's final consonant elides to the Irrealis, yielding the form ''-duš/dūš''. | | Indicates the clause is a direct result of the preceding clause. May or may not be preceded by a ''-mā'' clause. If the Irrealis ''-š'' is attached, the affix's final consonant elides to the Irrealis, yielding the form ''-duš/dūš''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Irrealis | ! colspan="2" |Irrealis | ||
| -š- | | -š- | ||
| This affix marks the VP as an unrealized and/or hypothetical state or event. It is used in interrogatives, hortatives, and imperatives. Additionally, this affix, combined with the Consequential affix and certain sentential particles to form hypothetical and conterfactual clauses. This affix tends to elide any consonant before it; when it does, the vowel is lengthened, although this is usually not reflected in the orthography. | | This affix marks the VP as an unrealized and/or hypothetical state or event. It is used in interrogatives, hortatives, and imperatives. Additionally, this affix, combined with the Consequential affix and certain sentential particles to form hypothetical and conterfactual clauses. This affix tends to elide any consonant before it; when it does, the vowel is lengthened, although this is usually not reflected in the orthography. | ||
<br/>The Irrealis is required with certain affixes, such as the Desiderative and allied forms, the | <br/>The Irrealis is required with certain affixes, such as the Desiderative and allied forms, the Inclinative, all Future tenses, and evidentials.<br/><br/> | ||
The Irrealis is multifunctional. In addition to marking uncertain outcomes semantically inherent in the aforementioned affixes, it is used to form conditional clauses, with the first clause (protasis) marked with ''-š'', and the following clause (apodosis), marked with the Resultative + Irrealis, ''-dūš'', e.g.''Iknatahanessā-š, tamašiktaħnessun-dūš'', "If you go, he will hunt you down". It is also the usual way of forming imperatives, e.g. ''Hittaduytahā-š!'', "Give him some salmon!" | |||
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! colspan="2" height="70" | Nominalizer | ! colspan="2" height="70" | Nominalizer | ||