Essanian: Difference between revisions
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|+ Vowel letters behaving as semivowels <ref name="Semivowel">In Essanian, the letters '''i''' and '''u''' can combine with other vowels to form falling and rising diphthongs. ''Y'' can also form falling diphthongs, almost always word-finally. </ref> | |+ Vowel letters behaving as semivowels <ref name="Semivowel">In Essanian, the letters '''i''' and '''u''' can combine with other vowels to form falling and rising diphthongs. '''Y''' can also form falling diphthongs, almost always word-finally. </ref> | ||
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! colspan="2" |Letter | ! colspan="2" |Letter |
Revision as of 11:39, 30 March 2022
Essanian (Native: xanhán /ʃaˈɲan/) is an Iberian Romance language descended from Mozarabic.
Essanian | |
---|---|
La lengua xanhana لَلَانْغُوَ شَنَّنَ | |
Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|la ˈleŋgwa ʃaˈɲana]] |
Created by | Shariifka |
Early forms | Mozarabic
|
Introduction
Etymology
The endonym xanhán is derived from the place name Xanha, from Latin Hispānia.
The English name Essanian is derived from the Medieval Latin equivalent Essanianus from Middle Essanian exanyán.
Phonology
Orthography
Latin orthography
Alphabet
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Consonants
Letter | Context | IPA | Examples | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
b | word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩ | [b] | ||
elsewhere (i.e. after a vowel, even across a word boundary, or after any consonant other than ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩) | [β] | |||
c | before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | [tʃ] or [ʃ] (depending on the dialect) | ||
elsewhere | [k] | |||
before voiced consonants | [ɣ] | |||
ch | everywhere | [tʃ] or [ʃ] (depending on the dialect) | ||
ç | everywhere | [θ] or [s] (depending on the dialect) | ||
d | word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨l⟩ or ⟨n⟩ | [d] | ||
after ⟨n⟩ word-finally | Ø | |||
elsewhere | [ð] | |||
f | everywhere | [f] | ||
g | before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ not before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | [dʒ] | ||
before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and not in the above contexts | [ʒ] | |||
not before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | [ɡ] | |||
not before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and not in the above contexts | [ɣ] | |||
gh | everywhere | [ʕ] | In Arabic loanwords | |
gu | before ⟨a⟩ or ⟨o⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | [ɡw] | ||
before ⟨a⟩ or ⟨o⟩, and not in the above contexts | [ɣw] | |||
before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | [ɡ] | |||
before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and not in the above contexts | [ɣ] | |||
gü | before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | [ɡw] | ||
before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and not in the above contexts | [ɣw] | |||
h | everywhere | [h] or [ħ] or [x] | Generally occurs in loanwords. | |
everywhere (rare) | Ø | Occurs in loanwords where the letter is silent in the original language. May be pronounced [h] as a spelling pronunciation. | ||
j | either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | [dʒ] | ||
elsewhere | [ʒ] | |||
k | rare; only occurs in a few loanwords and sensational spellings | [k] | ||
l | everywhere | [l] | ||
lh | everywhere | [ʎ] | ||
m | everywhere except word-finally | [m] | ||
word-final | [n] or [ŋ] (depending on the dialect) | |||
n | everywhere but before other consonants and word-finally | [n] | ||
before other consonants | [m]; [ɱ]; [n]; [ɲ]; [ŋ] | Assimilates to the following consonant’s place of articulation. | ||
word-finally | [n] or [ŋ] (depending on the dialect) | |||
nh | everywhere | [ɲ] | ||
p | everywhere | [p] | ||
in the consonant cluster ⟨pt⟩ | [β] | |||
qu | before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | [k] | ||
elsewhere | [kw] | |||
qü | only occurs before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | [kw] | ||
r | word-initial, morpheme-initial,
or after ⟨l⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨z⟩; in emphatic speech may also be used instead of [ɾ] in syllable-final (especially before ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨s⟩, ⟨t⟩, or ⟨d⟩) and word-final positions (before pause or consonant-initial words only) |
[r] | ||
elsewhere | [ɾ] | |||
rr | only occurs between vowels | [r] | ||
s | before a voiced consonant (e.g. ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, ⟨d⟩,⟨g⟩) or between vowels | [z] | ||
everywhere else | [s] | |||
ss | only occurs between vowels | [s] | ||
t | everywhere | [t] | ||
before voiced consonants | [ð] | |||
v | everywhere | [v] | ||
w | everywhere | [w] | ||
x | everywhere | [ʃ] | ||
between vowels and word-finally | [ks] | In words of Latin or Greek origin; may be replaced with ⟨cs⟩ or ⟨s⟩ (with the associated pronunciation change). | ||
before a consonant | [ks] or [s] | In words of Latin or Greek origin; may be replaced with ⟨s⟩ (and pronounced accordingly). | ||
in the prefix ex- | [z]; [s] before a plosive | |||
y | as a semivowel (almost always in a diphthong) | [i] or [j] | ||
as a consonant | [j] | |||
z | everywhere except word-finally | [ð] or [z] (depending on the dialect) | ||
word-finally | [θ] or [s] (depending on the dialect) |
Vowels
Letter | IPA | Examples | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
a | [ä] | ||
e | [e̞] | ||
i | [i] | ||
y | Rare. Only commonly used as a vowel in the conjunction y and the homophonous adverbial pronoun. | ||
o | [o̞] | ||
u | [u] |
Letter | IPA | Examples | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|
i | ⟨i⟩ before a vowel | [j] | ||
u | ⟨u⟩ before a vowel (but silent in ⟨qu⟩, also ⟨gu⟩ before an ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩) | [w] |
Consonants
Vowels
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
Other resources
Notes
- ^ In Essanian, the letters i and u can combine with other vowels to form falling and rising diphthongs. Y can also form falling diphthongs, almost always word-finally.