|
|
| (225 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{construction}}
| |
| [[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon|{{PAGENAME}}-English lexicon]]<br/>
| |
| [[{{PAGENAME}}/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch]]
| |
|
| |
|
| {{Infobox language
| |
| |image =
| |
| |imagesize =
| |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
| |
| |setting = Hussmauch
| |
| |name = {{PAGENAME}}
| |
| |nativename = ''θensārimem''
| |
| |pronunciation= /θensaːrimem/
| |
| |region = Talmy
| |
| |extinct = 220 v.T.
| |
| |familycolor=PfK
| |
| |fam1= [[Proto-Quihum|Quihum]]
| |
| |fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
| |
| |fam3= Thensaric
| |
| |iso3=qth
| |
| |notice=IPA
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the the ancestor of most living [[Talmic languages]], including [[Tígeł]] and [[Nurian]]. It is inspired aesthetically by Proto-Celtic, Latin and Arabic, and grammatically by Semitic, Ancient Greek and Native American languages.
| |
|
| |
| ==Todo==
| |
| Explain those clusters from PQ clusters
| |
|
| |
| *''ȝastran'' = 'laugh'
| |
|
| |
| ==Notes on notation==
| |
| ===Glossary===
| |
| *''~'': cognate to
| |
|
| |
| ==Background==
| |
| :''See also: [[{{PAGENAME}}/Sound changes from Proto-Quihum]].''
| |
|
| |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| {{PAGENAME}} used 18 consonants.
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
| |
| ! colspan="2" |
| |
| ! |Labial
| |
| ! |Dental
| |
| ! |Alveolar
| |
| ! |Palatal
| |
| ! |Velar
| |
| ! |Radical
| |
| ! |Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| |
| | '''m''' /m/
| |
| |colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
| |
| |
| |
| | <span style="color:gray;">'''n''' [ŋ]</span>
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
| |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | ('''p''' /p/)
| |
| |colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''c''' /k/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''b''' /b/
| |
| |colspan="2"| '''d''' /d/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''g''' /g/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | '''f''' /φ/
| |
| | '''θ''' /θ/
| |
| | '''s''' /s/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ħ''' /ħ/
| |
| |rowspan="2" | '''h''' /h~ɦ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>voiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''δ''' /ð/
| |
| | ('''z''' /z/)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ȝ''' /ʕ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Trill
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''r''' /r/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
| |
| | '''v''' /w~ʋ/
| |
| | '''l''' /l/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''j''' /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ;Notes
| |
| *Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but unaspirated after /s/.
| |
| */r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
| |
| */l/ is dental [l̪].
| |
| */p, z/ are not native phonemes, only occurring in Netagin or Clofabic borrowings; [z] does occur as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
| |
| */ʕ/ is either a pharyngeal plosive [ʡ] or an epiglottal approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.
| |
|
| |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| {{PAGENAME}} had a six-vowel system with a quantity distinction.
| |
|
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i''' /i/
| |
| | '''ī''' /iː/
| |
| | '''y''' /ÿ/
| |
| | '''ȳ''' /ÿː/
| |
| | '''u''' /u/
| |
| | '''ū''' /uː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| | '''e''' /ɛ/
| |
| | '''ē''' /eː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''o''' /ɔ/
| |
| | '''ō''' /oː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''a''' /a/
| |
| | '''ā''' /aː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| Diphthongs: '''ae ao ui'''
| |
|
| |
| ;Notes
| |
|
| |
| */ÿ ÿː/ is close central compressed [ɨᵝ ɨːᵝ].
| |
|
| |
| ===Suprasegmentals===
| |
|
| |
| ===Phonotactics===
| |
| ====Allowed clusters====
| |
| *R = resonant X = obstruent
| |
| *Clusters allowed word-initially are in '''bold'''.
| |
| =====Geminates=====
| |
| *''mm nn ll rr tt cc ss θθ''
| |
|
| |
| =====RR=====
| |
| *'''''mn mr''' nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv '''vl vr'''''
| |
|
| |
| =====RX=====
| |
| *''nf nt nθ ns nc nħ''
| |
| *''mb nd nδ ng nȝ''
| |
| *''lf lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ''
| |
| *''rf rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ''
| |
|
| |
| =====XR=====
| |
| *'''''fn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn'''''
| |
| *'''''sm sn sl sr sv'''''
| |
| *'''''fl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl'''''
| |
| *'''''fr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr'''''
| |
|
| |
| =====XX=====
| |
| *'''''sf st sc sȝ''' sb sd sg''
| |
| *''cs ct ħs ħt''
| |
|
| |
| =====XXR=====
| |
| *'''''sfr str scl scr sȝl sȝr'''''
| |
|
| |
| ===Phonological diachronics===
| |
| ====Consonant correspondences====
| |
| *''b'' < PQ ''pʼ, b''
| |
| *''f'' < PQ ''p''
| |
| *''t'' < PQ ''t, ƛ''
| |
| *''d'' < PQ ''tʼ, d''
| |
| *''θ'' < PQ ''ł''
| |
| *''δ'' < PQ ''ƛʼ''
| |
| *''s'' < PQ ''s, c, cʼ?''
| |
| *''c'' < PQ ''k, kʷ''
| |
| *''g'' < PQ ''kʼ, g''
| |
| *''ȝ'' < PQ ''q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ''
| |
| *''ħ'' < PQ ''qʼ, qʷʼ''
| |
| *''h'' < PQ ''h''
| |
| *''m'' < PQ ''m, mʼ''
| |
| *''n'' < PQ ''n''
| |
| *''l'' < PQ ''l, λ''
| |
| *''r'' < PQ ''z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ''
| |
| *''v'' < PQ ''w, wʼ''
| |
| *''j'' < PQ ''y''
| |
|
| |
| ====Cluster resolution====
| |
| *''tp, tb, tk, tg'' > ''rp, rb, rc, rg''
| |
|
| |
| ====Vowel reflexes====
| |
| Usually:
| |
| *{{recon|''a''}} > ''o''
| |
| *{{recon|''ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ā''
| |
| *{{recon|''aʔ, əx̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
| |
| *{{recon|''ə''}} > ''e''
| |
| *{{recon|''i''}} > ''i''
| |
| *{{recon|''u''}} > ''u''
| |
| *{{recon|''ay''}} > ''ȳ''
| |
| *{{recon|''əy''}} > ''ae''
| |
| *{{recon|''uy''}} > ''ui''
| |
| *{{recon|''iy, iʔ, ix''}} > ''ī''
| |
| *{{recon|''aw''}} > ''ao''
| |
| *{{recon|''əw''}} > ''iō''
| |
| *{{recon|''iw''}} > ''iū''
| |
| *{{recon|''uʔ, ux, uw''}} > ''ū''
| |
| *{{recon|''Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ''}} > ''Ca''
| |
| *{{recon|''Cxʷ''}} > ''Co''
| |
| *{{recon|''Cx''}} > ''Cy''
| |
| *{{recon|''əʔ, əx, ix̌''}} > ''ē''
| |
| **or {{recon|''ix̌''}} > ''iā/ia/ea''?
| |
| *{{recon|''ux̌, x̌u''}} > ''ō''
| |
| *{{recon|''axʷ, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ao''
| |
| *{{recon|''ix̌ʷ''}} > ''iō''
| |
| *{{recon|''ux̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
| |
| *{{recon|''iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ''}} > ''iā''
| |
| *{{recon|''əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ''}} > ''eā''
| |
| *{{recon|''iy(ə)x''}} > ''iē''
| |
|
| |
| ==Orthography==
| |
|
| |
| The standardized {{PAGENAME}} alphabet, whose variants are also used to write other Talmic languages, is a native alphabetic script consisting of consonant and vowel letters in addition to diacritics for vowel length.
| |
|
| |
| The alphabetical order is as follows:
| |
| #'''R:'''
| |
| #'''D:'''
| |
| #'''Z:'''
| |
| #'''I:'''
| |
| #'''A:'''
| |
| #'''Ħ:'''
| |
| #'''F:'''
| |
| #'''M:'''
| |
| #'''L:'''
| |
| #'''G:'''
| |
| #'''C:'''
| |
| #'''H:'''
| |
| #'''B:'''
| |
| #'''S:'''
| |
| #'''V:'''
| |
| #'''O:'''
| |
| #'''J:'''
| |
| #'''Ȝ:'''
| |
| #'''Δ:'''
| |
| #'''Y:'''
| |
| #'''T:'''
| |
| #'''N:'''
| |
| #'''Θ:'''
| |
| #'''P:'''
| |
| #'''E:'''
| |
| #'''U:'''
| |
|
| |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| ===Nouns and adjectives===
| |
| ====Masculine nouns====
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| ! colspan="4" | ''δȳrom'' 'bird'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" |
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Collective
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plurative
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Indefinite
| |
| | ''δȳrom'' || ''δyδȳrom'' || ''δȳrīs''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Definite
| |
| | ''δȳrae'' || ''δyδȳrae'' || ''δȳrinny''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="3" |Possessed forms of ''δȳrom'' - 'word'
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Singulative
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Plurative
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Construct
| |
| |''δȳrot''||''δȳror''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1sg possessor
| |
| |''δȳrōn''||''δȳroryn''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2sg.m possessor
| |
| |''δȳrossi''||''δȳroressi''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2sg.f possessor
| |
| |''δȳrossy''||''δȳroressy''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.m possessor
| |
| |''δȳrō''||''δȳrory''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.f possessor
| |
| |''δȳrī''||''δȳrorī''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.n possessor
| |
| |''δȳra''||''δȳrora''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1exc possessor
| |
| |''δȳrommo''||''δȳrorammo''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1inc possessor
| |
| |''δȳront''||''δȳrorynt''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2pl possessor
| |
| |''δȳrocca''||''δȳrorecca''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3pl possessor
| |
| |''δȳrōr''||''δȳrorōr''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ====Feminine nouns====
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| ! colspan="4" | ''gondā'' 'body'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" |
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Collective
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plurative
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Indefinite
| |
| | ''gondā'' || ''gogondā'' || ''gondār''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Definite
| |
| | ''gondām'' || ''gogondām'' || ''gondāsa''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="3" |Possessed forms of ''gondā'' - 'body'
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Singulative
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Plurative
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Construct
| |
| |''gondāt''||''gondanna''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1sg possessor
| |
| |''gondaen''||''gondannan''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2sg.m possessor
| |
| |''gondaessi''||''gondannassi''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2sg.f possessor
| |
| |''gondaessy''||''gondannassy''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.m possessor
| |
| |''gondae''||''gondanny''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.f possessor
| |
| |''gondaeī''||''gondannī''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.n possessor
| |
| |''gondaea''||''gondanna''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1exc possessor
| |
| |''gondaemmo''||''gondannammo''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1inc possessor
| |
| |''gondaent''||''gondannynt''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2pl possessor
| |
| |''gondaecca''||''gondannecca''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3pl possessor
| |
| |''gondaeōr''||''gondannōr''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ====Neuter nouns====
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| ! colspan="4" | ''tecty'' 'child'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" |
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Collective
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plurative
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Indefinite
| |
| | ''tecty'' || ''tetecty'' || ''tectȳn''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Definite
| |
| | ''tectys'' || ''tetectys'' || ''tectȳr''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="3" |Possessed forms of ''tecty'' - 'child'
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Singulative
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Plurative
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Construct
| |
| |''tectyt''||''tectȳsi''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1sg possessor
| |
| |''tectyn''||''tectȳsin''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2sg.m possessor
| |
| |''tectyssi''||''tectȳssi''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2sg.f possessor
| |
| |''tectyssy''||''tectȳssy''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.m possessor
| |
| |''tectymy''||''tectȳsiō''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.f possessor
| |
| |''tectymī''||''tectȳsī''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3sg.n possessor
| |
| |''tectyma''||''tectȳsia''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1exc possessor
| |
| |''tectȳmmo''||''tectȳsimmo''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1inc possessor
| |
| |''tectȳnt''||''tectȳsint''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2pl possessor
| |
| |''tectȳcca''||''tectȳsicca''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3pl possessor
| |
| |''tectymōr''||''tectȳsiōr''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ====Mass nouns====
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| ! colspan="4" | ''jenā'' 'water' (n.)
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" |
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Collective
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Indefinite
| |
| | ''jenā'' || ''jenenā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Definite
| |
| | ''jenaȝes'' || ''jenenaȝes''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ===Adjectives===
| |
| The predicative form of an adjective is the indefinite singular form.
| |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| The verbal system is one of the most complex aspects of {{PAGENAME}} grammar. A verb can take many affixes which are arranged in the following template:
| |
|
| |
| #switch-reference marker
| |
| #applicative or derivational prefixes
| |
| #object prefix
| |
| #(prefix or reduplication for some TAMs)
| |
| #'''STEM'''
| |
| #voice suffix
| |
| #TAM + subject
| |
| #emphatic suffix ''-is''
| |
|
| |
| Verbs often take an emphatic suffix or clitic ''-is'', which is more often used with affirmative statements than negative statements.
| |
|
| |
| ====Object markers====
| |
| *1sg: ''ni-''
| |
| *2sg: ''ri-''
| |
| *3sg: ''bi-''
| |
| *1pl.ex: ''mē-''
| |
| *1pl.ex: ''dē-''
| |
| *2pl: ''sē-''
| |
| *3pl: ''nē-''
| |
|
| |
| ====TAM + subject markers====
| |
| Thensarian verbs are conjugated in present, imperfect, preterite, future, perfect, and pluperfect tenses; indicative, subjunctive, optative and imperative moods; and active and passive voices.
| |
|
| |
| *Consonant stems: (-y-)
| |
| *Vowel stems: -a-, -e-, -i-, -o/u-?
| |
|
| |
| The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:
| |
| *''cafsyn'''is''''' = I eat
| |
| *''tir cafsyn'' = I do not eat
| |
| =====Present=====
| |
| Primary forms:
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Person !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem)
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1SG || tore'''nis''' "I flourish"
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2SG || tore'''ris'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG || tore'''mis'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1DU || tore'''sis'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2DU || tore'''s'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3DU || tore'''mēs'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1PL || tore'''ntis'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2PL || tore'''sces'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3PL || tore'''tis'''
| |
| |}
| |
| Secondary forms:
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Person !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem)
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1SG || nīs tore'''n''' "I do not flourish"
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2SG || nīs tore'''r'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG || nīs tore'''m'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1DU || nīs tore'''si'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2DU || nīs tore
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3DU || nīs tore'''mē'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1PL || nīs tore'''nt'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2PL || nīs tore'''sce'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3PL || nīs tore'''ti'''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| =====Imperfect=====
| |
| ''totoren(is), totorer(is), totorem(is), totoresi(s), totore(s), totoremā(s), totorent(is), totoresce(s), totoret(is)''
| |
| Reduplication + present suffixes
| |
|
| |
| =====Perfect=====
| |
| Perfect stem + present suffixes? (most commonly ''STEM-īn-'')
| |
|
| |
| =====Preterite=====
| |
| ''torennem(is), torerȳ(s), toresmi(s), toresti(s), toreso(s), toremer(is), torenter(is), torescer(is), toreter(is)''
| |
| *1sg: ''-nnem(is)''
| |
| *2sg: ''-rȳ(s)''
| |
| *3sg.m: ''-smi(s)''
| |
| *3pl.f: ''-sti(s)''
| |
| *3sg.n: ''-so(s)''
| |
| *1ex: ''-mer(is)''
| |
| *1in: ''-nter(is)''
| |
| *3pl: ''-scer(is)''
| |
| *3pl: ''-ter(is)''
| |
|
| |
| =====Future=====
| |
| ''toretēn(is), toretēr(is), toretēm(is), toretēsi(s), toretē(s), toretēmā(s), toretēnt(is), toretēsce(s), toretēt(is)''
| |
| *1sg ''-tēn(is)''
| |
| *2sg ''-tēr(is)''
| |
| *3sg.m ''-tēm(is)''
| |
| *3sg.f ''-tēsi(s)''
| |
| *3sg.n ''-tē(s)''?
| |
| *1ex ''-tēmā(s)''
| |
| *1in ''-tēnt(is)''
| |
| *2pl ''-tēsce(s)''
| |
| *3pl ''-tēt(is)''
| |
|
| |
| =====Subjunctive=====
| |
| ''torenae(s), torerae(s), toremior(is), toresior(is), torior(is), toremae(s), torentae(s), torescae(s), toretior(is)''
| |
| *1sg: ''-nae(s)''
| |
| *2sg: ''-rae(s)''
| |
| *3sg.m: ''-mior(is)''
| |
| *3sg.f: ''-sior(is)''
| |
| *3sg.n: ''-ior(is)''
| |
| *1ex: ''-mae(s)''
| |
| *1in: ''-ntae(s)''
| |
| *2pl: ''-scae(s)''
| |
| *3pl: ''-tior(is)''
| |
|
| |
| =====Optative=====
| |
| *1sg ''-dun(is)''?
| |
| *2sg ''-dur(is)''
| |
| *3sg.m ''-dum(is)''
| |
| *3sg.f ''-dusi(s)''
| |
| *3sg.n ''-du(s)''
| |
| *1ex ''-dumā(s)''
| |
| *1in ''-dunt(is)''
| |
| *2pl ''-dusce(s)''
| |
| *3pl ''-dut(is)''
| |
|
| |
| =====Imperative=====
| |
| ''tores!/ham tore!, torentēs!/ham torentē!, torescēs!/ham torescē!''
| |
| *2sg: ''-e(s)''/''-(is)''
| |
| *1pl.in: ''-ntē(s)''
| |
| *2pl: ''-scē(s)''
| |
|
| |
| ===Derivational morphology===
| |
| *''ar-, afor-'' = telic
| |
| *''fer-'' = nominalizer
| |
| *''ēs-'' = co-, together
| |
| *''-ro-'' = passive marker
| |
| *''-t-'' = a causative marker
| |
|
| |
| ===Numbers===
| |
| *1: ''cēmym''
| |
| *2: ''tiθōr''
| |
| *3: ''narge''
| |
| *4: ''δaobe''
| |
| *5: ''salithe''
| |
| *6: ''stāmym''
| |
| *7: ''rōde''
| |
| *8: ''lorede''
| |
| *9: ''barve''
| |
| *10: ''ħiōr''
| |
| *11: ''jācēmym''
| |
| *12: ''naesā''
| |
|
| |
| ==Syntax==
| |
| Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).
| |
| ===Constituent order===
| |
| ===Noun phrase===
| |
| ===Verb phrase===
| |
| ===Sentence phrase===
| |
| ===Dependent clauses===
| |
| <!-- etc. etc. -->
| |
|
| |
| ===Example texts===
| |
| [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
| |