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| {{construction}}
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| [[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon|{{PAGENAME}}-English lexicon]]<br/>
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| [[{{PAGENAME}}/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch]]
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| {{Infobox language
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| |image =
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| |imagesize =
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| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
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| |setting = Hussmauch
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| |name = {{PAGENAME}}
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| |nativename = ''θensārimem''
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| |pronunciation= /θensaːrimem/
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| |region = Talmy
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| |extinct = 220 v.T.
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| |familycolor=PfK
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| |fam1= [[Proto-Quihum|Quihum]]
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| |fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
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| |fam3= Thensaric
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| |iso3=qth
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| |notice=IPA
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| }}
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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the the ancestor of most living [[Talmic languages]], including [[Tígeł]] and [[Nurian]]. It is inspired aesthetically by Proto-Celtic, Latin and Arabic, and grammatically by Semitic, Ancient Greek and Native American languages.
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|
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| ==Todo==
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| Explain those clusters from PQ clusters
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|
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| *''ȝastran'' = 'laugh'
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|
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| ==Notes on notation==
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| ===Glossary===
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| *''~'': cognate to
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|
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| ==Background==
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| :''See also: [[{{PAGENAME}}/Sound changes from Proto-Quihum]].''
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|
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Consonants===
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| {{PAGENAME}} used 18 consonants.
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="2" |
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| ! |Labial
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| ! |Dental
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| ! |Alveolar
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| ! |Palatal
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| ! |Velar
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| ! |Radical
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| ! |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| |colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
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| | <span style="color:gray;">'''n''' [ŋ]</span>
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | ('''p''' /p/)
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| |colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/
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| | '''c''' /k/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''b''' /b/
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| |colspan="2"| '''d''' /d/
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| | '''g''' /g/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''f''' /φ/
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| | '''θ''' /θ/
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| | '''s''' /s/
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| | '''ħ''' /ħ/
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| |rowspan="2" | '''h''' /h~ɦ/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''δ''' /ð/
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| | ('''z''' /z/)
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| | '''ȝ''' /ʕ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Trill
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| | '''r''' /r/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | '''v''' /w~ʋ/
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| | '''l''' /l/
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| | '''j''' /j/
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| |}
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|
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|
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| ;Notes
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| *Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but unaspirated after /s/.
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| */r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
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| */l/ is dental [l̪].
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| */p, z/ are not native phonemes, only occurring in Netagin or Clofabic borrowings; [z] does occur as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
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| */ʕ/ is either a pharyngeal plosive [ʡ] or an epiglottal approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.
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|
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| ===Vowels===
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| {{PAGENAME}} had a six-vowel system with a quantity distinction.
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|
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | '''i''' /i/
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| | '''ī''' /iː/
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| | '''y''' /ÿ/
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| | '''ȳ''' /ÿː/
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| | '''u''' /u/
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| | '''ū''' /uː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | '''e''' /ɛ/
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| | '''ē''' /eː/
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| | '''o''' /ɔ/
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| | '''ō''' /oː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | '''a''' /a/
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| | '''ā''' /aː/
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| |}
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| Diphthongs: '''ae ao ui'''
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|
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| ;Notes
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| */ÿ ÿː/ is close central compressed [ɨᵝ ɨːᵝ].
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|
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| ===Suprasegmentals===
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|
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| ===Phonotactics===
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| ====Allowed clusters====
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| *R = resonant X = obstruent
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| *Clusters allowed word-initially are in '''bold'''.
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| =====Geminates=====
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| *''mm nn ll rr tt cc ss θθ''
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|
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| =====RR=====
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| *'''''mn mr''' nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv '''vl vr'''''
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|
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| =====RX=====
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| *''nf nt nθ ns nc nħ''
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| *''mb nd nδ ng nȝ''
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| *''lf lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ''
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| *''rf rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ''
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|
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| =====XR=====
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| *'''''fn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn'''''
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| *'''''sm sn sl sr sv'''''
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| *'''''fl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl'''''
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| *'''''fr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr'''''
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|
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| =====XX=====
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| *'''''sf st sc sȝ''' sb sd sg''
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| *''cs ct ħs ħt''
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|
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| =====XXR=====
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| *'''''sfr str scl scr sȝl sȝr'''''
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|
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| ===Phonological diachronics===
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| ====Consonant correspondences====
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| *''b'' < PQ ''pʼ, b''
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| *''f'' < PQ ''p''
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| *''t'' < PQ ''t, ƛ''
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| *''d'' < PQ ''tʼ, d''
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| *''θ'' < PQ ''ł''
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| *''δ'' < PQ ''ƛʼ''
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| *''s'' < PQ ''s, c, cʼ?''
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| *''c'' < PQ ''k, kʷ''
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| *''g'' < PQ ''kʼ, g''
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| *''ȝ'' < PQ ''q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ''
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| *''ħ'' < PQ ''qʼ, qʷʼ''
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| *''h'' < PQ ''h''
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| *''m'' < PQ ''m, mʼ''
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| *''n'' < PQ ''n''
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| *''l'' < PQ ''l, λ''
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| *''r'' < PQ ''z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ''
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| *''v'' < PQ ''w, wʼ''
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| *''j'' < PQ ''y''
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|
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| ====Cluster resolution====
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| *''tp, tb, tk, tg'' > ''rp, rb, rc, rg''
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|
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| ====Vowel reflexes====
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| Usually:
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| *{{recon|''a''}} > ''o''
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| *{{recon|''ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ā''
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| *{{recon|''aʔ, əx̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
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| *{{recon|''ə''}} > ''e''
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| *{{recon|''i''}} > ''i''
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| *{{recon|''u''}} > ''u''
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| *{{recon|''ay''}} > ''ȳ''
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| *{{recon|''əy''}} > ''ae''
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| *{{recon|''uy''}} > ''ui''
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| *{{recon|''iy, iʔ, ix''}} > ''ī''
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| *{{recon|''aw''}} > ''ao''
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| *{{recon|''əw''}} > ''iō''
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| *{{recon|''iw''}} > ''iū''
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| *{{recon|''uʔ, ux, uw''}} > ''ū''
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| *{{recon|''Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ''}} > ''Ca''
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| *{{recon|''Cxʷ''}} > ''Co''
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| *{{recon|''Cx''}} > ''Cy''
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| *{{recon|''əʔ, əx, ix̌''}} > ''ē''
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| **or {{recon|''ix̌''}} > ''iā/ia/ea''?
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| *{{recon|''ux̌, x̌u''}} > ''ō''
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| *{{recon|''axʷ, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ao''
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| *{{recon|''ix̌ʷ''}} > ''iō''
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| *{{recon|''ux̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
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| *{{recon|''iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ''}} > ''iā''
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| *{{recon|''əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ''}} > ''eā''
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| *{{recon|''iy(ə)x''}} > ''iē''
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|
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| ==Orthography==
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|
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| The standardized {{PAGENAME}} alphabet, whose variants are also used to write other Talmic languages, is a native alphabetic script consisting of consonant and vowel letters in addition to diacritics for vowel length.
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|
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| The alphabetical order is as follows:
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| #'''R:'''
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| #'''D:'''
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| #'''Z:'''
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| #'''I:'''
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| #'''A:'''
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| #'''Ħ:'''
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| #'''F:'''
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| #'''M:'''
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| #'''L:'''
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| #'''G:'''
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| #'''C:'''
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| #'''H:'''
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| #'''B:'''
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| #'''S:'''
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| #'''V:'''
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| #'''O:'''
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| #'''J:'''
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| #'''Ȝ:'''
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| #'''Δ:'''
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| #'''Y:'''
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| #'''T:'''
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| #'''N:'''
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| #'''Θ:'''
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| #'''P:'''
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| #'''E:'''
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| #'''U:'''
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|
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| ==Morphology==
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| :''Main article: [[Thensarian/Morphology]]''
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|
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| ==Syntax==
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| Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).
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| ===Constituent order===
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| ===Noun phrase===
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| ===Verb phrase===
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| ===Sentence phrase===
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| ===Dependent clauses===
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| ''Sequences of tenses'' are important in Thensarian grammar.
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|
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| ==Example texts==
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|
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| ==Other resources==
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| [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
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