Chelsian: Difference between revisions
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===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Stress generally follows Classical Latin rules. | |||
<!-- | |||
Stress may be on any of the last three syllables of a word. | Stress may be on any of the last three syllables of a word. | ||
- | |||
Generally: | Generally: | ||
*Stress is on the last syllable of the stem if it is heavy (meaning that it is closed and/or it contains a long vowel or diphthong). | *Stress is on the last syllable of the stem if it is heavy (meaning that it is closed and/or it contains a long vowel or diphthong). | ||
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*Otherwise, stress is on the second last syllable of the stem. | *Otherwise, stress is on the second last syllable of the stem. | ||
*If the above rules would cause stress to fall before the third last syllable of the word, the stress is shifted forward to the third last syllable. | *If the above rules would cause stress to fall before the third last syllable of the word, the stress is shifted forward to the third last syllable. | ||
- | |||
Note that Class 3 nouns ending in ''-ō'' in the nominative singular may seem to be inconsistent in this regard, since the ''-ō'' is stressed in some words (e.g. ''fōrmācō'' /foːrmaːˈtsoː/ "creation") and unstressed in others (e.g. ''vomō'' /ˈʋɔmoː/ "man, person"). However, these in fact follow the rule, as explained below: | Note that Class 3 nouns ending in ''-ō'' in the nominative singular may seem to be inconsistent in this regard, since the ''-ō'' is stressed in some words (e.g. ''fōrmācō'' /foːrmaːˈtsoː/ "creation") and unstressed in others (e.g. ''vomō'' /ˈʋɔmoː/ "man, person"). However, these in fact follow the rule, as explained below: | ||
*When the final ''-ō-'' is maintained in inflected forms, it is considered to be part of the stem and is therefore stressed. For example, the accusative of ''fōrmācō'' is ''fōrmācōnę'' | *When the final ''-ō-'' is maintained in inflected forms, it is considered to be part of the stem and is therefore stressed. For example, the accusative of ''fōrmācō'' is ''fōrmācōnę'' | ||
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**''vom(in)-'' + '''''-ō''''' > ''vóm<b>ō</b>'' | **''vom(in)-'' + '''''-ō''''' > ''vóm<b>ō</b>'' | ||
**''fōrmācō(n)-'' + '''''-ō''''' > *''fōrmācṓ<b>ō</b>'' > ''fōrmācṓ'' | **''fōrmācō(n)-'' + '''''-ō''''' > *''fōrmācṓ<b>ō</b>'' > ''fōrmācṓ'' | ||
--> | |||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||
Revision as of 16:24, 23 April 2022
Chelsian (Native: čelsa linga /ˈtɕɛɫsa ˈlʲɪŋɡɐ/, čelsōrų linga /tɕɛɫˈsoːruː ˈlʲɪŋɡɐ/) is a highly conservative Romance language with Baltic influence.
| Chelsian | |
|---|---|
| čelsōrų linga | |
| Pronunciation | [tɕɛɫˈsoːruː ˈlʲɪŋɡɐ] |
| Created by | Shariifka |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | Classical Latin
|
Introduction
Etymology
From Latin celsus.
Features
Phonological
- Preserves original vowel length and quality.
- Preserved long nasal vowels into its recent history, then merged them with plain long vowels (but they are kept distinct in writing).
- Original velars became alveolar before /i/ and postalveolar before /e/.
- Original labiovelars became plain velars in all positions.
- Innovated hard/soft consonant distinction.
- Glide v- inserted before word-initial o- (long or short).
- Glide j- inserted before word-initial e- and i- (long or short).
- Original au preserved as a diphthong.
- Original ae merged with long e in most cases, but was kept distinct in 1st declension noun inflectional endings.
- Original oe merged with long e in all cases.
Grammatical
- Preserves case inflection.
- No articles.
- Modifier precedes noun.
Phonology
Orthography
| Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| a | [ɐ] | |
| ā | [äː] | |
| ą | ||
| e | [ɛ ~ e̞] | Before hard consonants/before soft consonants and word-finally respectively. |
| ē | [æː ~ ɛː ~ eː] | Before hard consonants/before soft consonants/word-finally respectively. |
| ę | ||
| æ | ||
| i | [ɪ] | /jɪ/ word-initially. |
| ī | [iː] | /jiː/ word-initially. |
| į | ||
| o | [ɔ] | |
| ō | [oː] | |
| ǫ | ||
| u | [ʊ] | |
| ū | [uː] | |
| ų | ||
| y | [ɪ] | Used to represent unpalatalized /ɪ/ and /iː/ in loanwords (especially word-initially). |
| ȳ | [iː] |
| Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| ai | [äɪ̯] | |
| au | [ɐʊ̯] | |
| eu | [e̞ʊ̯] |
| Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | |
|---|---|---|
| Hard | Soft | |
| b | b | bʲ |
| c | t̪͡s̪ | t͡sʲ |
| č | t͡ʃ | t͡ɕ |
| ch | x | xʲ |
| d | d̪ | dʲ |
| dz | d̪͡z̪ | d͡zʲ |
| dž | d͡ʒ | d͡ʑ |
| f | f | fʲ |
| g | ɡ | ɡʲ |
| h | ɦ | ɣʲ |
| j | — | j |
| k | k | kʲ |
| l | ɫ | lʲ |
| m | m | mʲ |
| n | n̪ | nʲ |
| p | p | pʲ |
| r | r | rʲ |
| s | s̪ | sʲ |
| š | ʃ | ɕ |
| t | t̪ | tʲ |
| v | ʋ | vʲ |
| z | z̪ | zʲ |
| ž | ʒ | ʑ |
Consonants are always palatalized (soft) before ⟨e, ē, ę, i, ī, į⟩. Before ⟨a, ā, ą, æ, o, ō, ǫ, u, ū, ų⟩, palatalization is denoted by inserting an ⟨i⟩ between the consonant and the vowel.
Consonants
Vowels
Prosody
Stress
Stress generally follows Classical Latin rules.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
First declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -a | -æ |
| genitive | -æ | -ārų |
| dative | -æ | -āvīs |
| accusative | -ą | -ās |
| ablative | -ā | -āvīs |
| vocative | -a | -ā |
Second declension
| Case | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m. | n. | m. | n. | |
| nominative | -us | -ų | -ī | -a |
| genitive | -ī | -ōrų | ||
| dative | -ō | -īs | ||
| accusative | -ų | -ų | -ōs | -a |
| ablative | -ō | -īs | ||
| vocative | -e | -ų | -ī | -a |
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example Texts
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)
Tōtī vominēs naščunt līverī jet jekālēs in dinnitāte jet jūrivīs. Sunt dōtātī dē rācōne jet kǫscencæ, jet dēviunt ažere inter sē in frāternitātis spīritī.
[ˈtoːtʲiː ˈʋɔmʲɪnʲæːs ˈnɐʃtʃʊnt ˈlʲiːvʲɛrʲiː jɛt jɛˈkaːlʲæːs jɪn dʲɪnʲːɪˈtaːtʲe̞ jɛt ˈjuːrʲɪvʲiːs ‖ sʊnt doːˈtaːtʲiː dʲeː raːˈtsoːnʲɛ jɛt koːˈstsʲɛnʲtseː | jɛt dʲɛːvʲʊnt ˈɐʑe̞rʲe̞ ˈjɪnʲtʲɛr sʲeː jɪn fraːtʲɛrʲnʲɪˈtaːtʲɪs ˈsʲpʲiːrʲɪtʲiː]