Chelsian: Difference between revisions
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{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | ||
|+3rd declension endings | |+3rd declension endings | ||
! rowspan="2"| Case !! colspan="2"|Singular !! colspan="2"|Plural | ! rowspan="2"| Case !! colspan="2"|Singular !! colspan="2"| Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! m./f. !! n. !! m./f. !! n. | ! m./f. !! n. !! m./f. !! n. | ||
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! vocative | ! vocative | ||
| colspan="2"| (same as nom.) || ''-ēs'' || ''-(i)a'' | | colspan="2"| (same as nom.) || ''-ēs'' || ''-(i)a'' | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Fourth declension==== | |||
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | |||
|+4th declension endings | |||
! rowspan="2"| Case !! colspan="2"|Singular !! colspan="2"|Plural | |||
|- | |||
! m./f. !! n. !! m./f. !! n. | |||
|- | |||
! nominative | |||
| ''-us'' || ''-ū'' || ''-ūs'' || ''-uva'' | |||
|- | |||
! genitive | |||
| colspan="2"| ''-uvis, -ūs'' || colspan="2"| ''-(i)ų'' | |||
|- | |||
! dative | |||
| colspan="2"| ''-uvī, -ui'' || colspan="2"| ''-uvīs'' | |||
|- | |||
! accusative | |||
| ''-ų'' || ''-ū'' || ''-ūs'' || ''-uva'' | |||
|- | |||
! locative | |||
| colspan="2"| ''-ū'' || colspan="2"| ''-uvīs'' | |||
|- | |||
! vocative | |||
| ''-us'' || ''-ū'' || ''-ūs'' || ''-uva'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Fifth declension==== | |||
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | |||
|+4th declension endings | |||
! rowspan="2"| Case !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! m./f. !! m./f. | |||
|- | |||
! nominative | |||
| ''-ēs'' || ''-ēs'' | |||
|- | |||
! genitive | |||
| ''-ei'' || ''-ērų'' | |||
|- | |||
! dative | |||
| ''-ei'' || ''-ēvīs'' | |||
|- | |||
! accusative | |||
| ''-ę'' || ''-ēs'' | |||
|- | |||
! locative | |||
| ''-ē'' || ''-ēvīs'' | |||
|- | |||
! vocative | |||
| ''-ēs'' || ''-ēs'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 05:01, 10 July 2022
Chelsian (Native: čelsa linga /ˈtɕɛɫsa ˈlʲɪŋɡɐ/, čelsōrų linga /tɕɛɫˈsoːruː ˈlʲɪŋɡɐ/) is a highly conservative Romance language with Baltic influence.
| Chelsian | |
|---|---|
| čelsōrų linga | |
| Pronunciation | [tɕɛɫˈsoːruː ˈlʲɪŋɡɐ] |
| Created by | Shariifka |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | Classical Latin
|
Introduction
Etymology
From Latin celsus.
Features
Phonological
- Preserves original vowel length and quality.
- Preserved long nasal vowels into its recent history, then merged them with plain long vowels (but they are kept distinct in writing).
- Original velars became alveolar/dental fricatives/affricates before /i/ and postalveolar fricatives/affricates before /e/.
- This is because palatalization before /i/ and before /e/ occurred separately at different times.
- Original labiovelars became plain velars in all positions.
- Innovated hard/soft consonant distinction.
- Glide v- inserted before word-initial o- (long or short).
- Glide j- inserted before word-initial e- and i- (long or short).
- Original au preserved as a diphthong.
- Original ae merged with long e in most cases, but was kept distinct in 1st declension noun inflectional endings (later merged in pronunciation but without palatalization).
- This may have actually been through an intermediate phase -āī rather than descending directly from Classical Latin -ae.
- Original oe merged with long e in all cases.
Grammatical
- Preserves case inflection.
- No articles.
- Modifier precedes noun.
Phonology
Orthography
| Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| a | [ɐ] | |
| ā | [äː] | |
| ą | ||
| e | [ɛ ~ e̞] | [ɛ] before hard consonants. [e̞] before soft consonants and word-finally. |
| ē | [æː ~ ɛː ~ eː] | [æː] before hard consonants. [ɛː] before soft consonants. [eː] word-finally. |
| ę | ||
| æ | ||
| i | [ɪ] | /jɪ/ word-initially. |
| ī | [iː] | /jiː/ word-initially. |
| į | ||
| o | [ɔ] | |
| ō | [oː] | |
| ǫ | ||
| u | [ʊ] | |
| ū | [uː] | |
| ų | ||
| y | [ɪ] | Used to represent unpalatalized /ɪ/ and /iː/ in loanwords (especially word-initially). |
| ȳ | [iː] |
| Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| ai | [äɪ̯] | |
| au | [ɐʊ̯] | |
| eu | [e̞ʊ̯] |
| Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | |
|---|---|---|
| Hard | Soft | |
| b | b | bʲ |
| c | t̪͡s̪ | t͡sʲ |
| č | t͡ʃ | t͡ɕ |
| ch | x | xʲ |
| d | d̪ | dʲ |
| dz | d̪͡z̪ | d͡zʲ |
| dž | d͡ʒ | d͡ʑ |
| f | f | fʲ |
| g | ɡ | ɡʲ |
| h | ɦ | ɣʲ |
| j | — | j |
| k | k | kʲ |
| l | ɫ | lʲ |
| m | m | mʲ |
| n | n̪ | nʲ |
| p | p | pʲ |
| r | r | rʲ |
| s | s̪ | sʲ |
| š | ʃ | ɕ |
| t | t̪ | tʲ |
| v | ʋ | vʲ |
| z | z̪ | zʲ |
| ž | ʒ | ʑ |
Consonants are always palatalized (soft) before ⟨e, ē, ę, i, ī, į⟩. Before ⟨a, ā, ą, æ, o, ō, ǫ, u, ū, ų⟩, palatalization is denoted by inserting an ⟨i⟩ between the consonant and the vowel.
Consonants
Vowels
Prosody
Stress
Stress generally follows Classical Latin rules.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
First declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -a | -æ |
| genitive | -æ | -ārų |
| dative | -æ | -āvīs |
| accusative | -ą | -ās |
| locative | -ā | -āvīs |
| vocative | -a | -æ |
Second declension
| Case | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m. | n. | m. | n. | |
| nominative | -(i)us | -(i)ų | -ī | -(i)a |
| genitive | -ī | -(i)ōrų | ||
| dative | -(i)ō | -īs | ||
| accusative | -(i)ų | -(i)ōs | -(i)a | |
| locative | -(i)ō | -īs | ||
| vocative | -e | -(i)ų | -ī | -(i)a |
Third declension
| Case | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m./f. | n. | m./f. | n. | |
| nominative | (various) | -ēs | -(i)a | |
| genitive | -is | -(i)ų | ||
| dative | -ī | -ivīs | ||
| accusative | -ę | (same as nom.) | -ēs | -(i)a |
| locative | -e | -ivīs | ||
| vocative | (same as nom.) | -ēs | -(i)a | |
Fourth declension
| Case | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m./f. | n. | m./f. | n. | |
| nominative | -us | -ū | -ūs | -uva |
| genitive | -uvis, -ūs | -(i)ų | ||
| dative | -uvī, -ui | -uvīs | ||
| accusative | -ų | -ū | -ūs | -uva |
| locative | -ū | -uvīs | ||
| vocative | -us | -ū | -ūs | -uva |
Fifth declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| m./f. | m./f. | |
| nominative | -ēs | -ēs |
| genitive | -ei | -ērų |
| dative | -ei | -ēvīs |
| accusative | -ę | -ēs |
| locative | -ē | -ēvīs |
| vocative | -ēs | -ēs |
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Note: The cases have been reordered for convenience, since nominative & accusative forms are often identical as are dative & locative. The vocative has been excluded since it is always identical to the nominative.
| Person | Number | Gender | Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | Locative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sg. | all | jehō | mē | mejus, -a, -ų | mivī | |
| pl. | all | nōs | nostrus, -a, -ų | nōvīs | |||
| 2 | sg. | all | tū | tē | tuvus, -a, -ų | tivī | |
| pl. | all | vōs | vostrus, -a, -ų | vōvīs | |||
| 3 | sg. | m. | isse | issų | issījus, -a, -ų | issui | issī |
| f. | issa | issą | issējus, -a, -ų | issei | issæ | ||
| n. | issut | issījus, -a, -ų | issui | issī | |||
| pl. | m. | issī | issōs | issōrus, -a, -ų | issīs | ||
| f. | issæ | issās | issārus, -a, -ų | issāvīs | |||
| n. | issa | issōrus, -a, -ų | issīs | ||||
| Reflexive | all | – | sē | suvus, -a, -ų | sivī | ||
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example Texts
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)
Tōtī vominēs naščunt līverī jet jekālēs in dinnitāte jet jūrivīs. Sunt dōtātī dē rācōne jet kǫscencæ, jet dēviunt ažere inter sē in frāternitātis spīritī.
[ˈtoːtʲiː ˈʋɔmʲɪnʲæːs ˈnɐʃtʃʊnt ˈlʲiːvʲɛrʲiː jɛt jɛˈkaːlʲæːs jɪn dʲɪnʲːɪˈtaːtʲe̞ jɛt ˈjuːrʲɪvʲiːs ‖ sʊnt doːˈtaːtʲiː dʲeː raːˈtsoːnʲɛ jɛt koːˈstsʲɛnʲtseː | jɛt dʲɛːvʲʊnt ˈɐʑe̞rʲe̞ ˈjɪnʲtʲɛr sʲeː jɪn fraːtʲɛrʲnʲɪˈtaːtʲɪs ˈsʲpʲiːrʲɪtʲiː]