Zanahi: Difference between revisions
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|/x}} ~ {{IPA|χ/}} | | colspan="2" | {{IPA|/x}} ~ {{IPA|χ/}} | ||
| {{IPA|/ħ/}} | | {{IPA|/ħ/}} | ||
| {{IPA|h}} | | {{IPA|/h/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |[[w:Voiced consonant|voiced]] | ! |[[w:Voiced consonant|voiced]] |
Revision as of 09:14, 24 November 2022
Zanahi (native: zanāhī, haṭ-ṭaṣwā haz-zanāhiyyā) is an Indo-European language with a high degree of Semitic influence.
Zanahi | |
---|---|
zanāhī | |
Pronunciation | [zænæːhiː] |
Created by | Shariifka |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | Proto-Zanahi
|
Introduction
Zanahi is a satem language.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Denti-alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | emphatic | |||||||||
Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | ||||||||
Stop | voiceless | /p/ | /t̪/ | /t̪ʕ/ | /k/ | /q/ | /ʔ/ | |||
voiced | /b/ | /d̪/ | /d͡ɮˤ/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /ɡ/ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /s/ | /sˤ/ | /ʃ/ | /x ~ χ/ | /ħ/ | /h/ | |
voiced | /v/ | /ð/ | /z/ | /ðˤ/ | /ɣ ~ ʁ/ | /ʕ/ | ||||
Trill | /r/ | |||||||||
Approximant | /l/ | /j/ | /w/ |
Vowels
Short | Long | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Back | Front | Back | |
Close | /i/ | /u/ | /iː/ | /uː/ |
Mid | /eː/ | /oː/ | ||
Open | /a/ | /aː/ | ||
Diphthongs | /aw/, /aj/ |
Orthography
Letter | Transliteration | IPA | Name |
---|---|---|---|
' | /ʔ/ | 'ālaf | |
b | /b/ | bēþ | |
v | /v/ | vēþ | |
g | /ɡ/ | gāmal | |
ġ | /ɣ ~ ʁ/ | ġāmal | |
d | /d̪/ | dālaþ | |
ð | /ð/ | ðālaþ | |
h | /h/ | hē | |
w | /w/ | wāw | |
z | /z/ | zayn | |
ħ | /ħ/ | ħēþ | |
ṭ | /t̪ˁ/ | ṭēþ | |
y | /j/ | yōð | |
k | /k/ | kāf | |
x | /x ~ χ/ | xāf | |
l | /l/ | lāmað | |
m | /m/ | mīm | |
n | /n/ | nūn | |
s | /s/ | samkaþ | |
ʻ | /ʕ/ | ʻē | |
p | /p/ | pē | |
f | /f/ | fē | |
ṣ | /sˁ/ | ṣāðē | |
q | /q/ | qōf | |
r | /r/ | rēš | |
š | /ʃ/ | šīn | |
t | /t̪/ | tāw | |
þ | /θ/ | þāw |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Lenition
Non-emphatic plosives undergo lenition to fricatives (analogous to "begadkefat" in Aramaic and Biblical Hebrew) in certain environments.
Un-lenited | Lenited |
---|---|
/b/ | /v/ |
/ɡ/ | /ɣ ~ ʁ/ |
/d/ | /ð/ |
/k/ | /x ~ χ/ |
/p/ | /f/ |
/t/ | /θ/ |
Morphology
Like Arabic, Zanahi words are traditionally classified in three categories: nominals, verbs, and particles.
Nominals
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Person/ Number |
Independent | Dependent |
---|---|---|
1S | ammā | -mā |
2SM | antā | -tā/-þā |
2SF | antī | -tī/þī |
3SM | hattā | -hā |
3SF | hattī | -hī |
1P | annā | -nā |
2PM | antān | -tān/þān |
2PF | antīn | -tīn/þīn |
3PM | hattān | -hān |
3PF | hattīn | -hīn |
Demonstrative pronouns
Distance | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
masc. | fem. | masc. | fem. | |
Near | sā | sī | sān | sīn |
Far | tā | tī | tān | tīn |
Nouns and adjectives
Nouns do not decline for case.
There are two genders: masculine and feminine.The feminine is most often marked with the ending -ā.
There are two numbers: singular and plural.
Adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender and definiteness.
The definite article is ha-, which is prefixed to the noun/adjective causes the first consonant to geminate if it is not pharngeal or glottal. There is no indefinite article.
Below is an example declension for the adjective bān "clear":
Gender | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indef. | def. | indef. | def. | |
Masculine | bān | hab-bān | bānīn | hab-bānīn |
Feminine | bānā | hab-bānā | bānān | hab-bānān |