Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions

Proto-Tungric (view source)

Revision as of 11:01, 20 March 2023

67 bytes removed , 20 March 2023

→‎Weak verbs

Shariifka

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 <!--Like strong verbs, weak verbs include. light and heavy ''j''-presents. However, unlike strong verbs, this ending is also included in -->
 ====='''Class 1'''=====
-Class 1 weak verbs have the following characteristics:
+Class 1 weak verbs conjugate similarly to ''j''-present strong verbs in all non-past forms.
+The past indicative has a connector vowel ''-(i)ja-'', while the past subjunctive and past participle have a connector vowel ''-i/ī-''. In both cases, the suffixes follow Siever's law.
+====='''Class 2'''=====
+Class 2 weak verbs have the following characteristics:
 *The present stem ends in ''-ō-'', which contracts with long vowels to ''-ô-'' and with long nasal vowels to ''-ǫ̂''.
 *The connector vowel in the past (both indicative and subjunctive) and past participle is ''-ō-'', as in the present stem.
-====='''Class 2'''=====
-There are two subclasses of class 2 weak verbs.
-The first subclass is conjugated similarly to class 1 weak verbs, but with vowels ''-ē-'' and ''-ê-'' instead of ''-ō-'' and ''-ô-'' (except for the 1S present, which has ''-ô-''). Note that ''-ǫ̂'' is not affected. The past participle has the connector vowel ''-a-''.
-The second subclass is conjugated similarly to first subclasses, with the following exception: The present sunjunctive and the 1S & 3P present indicative lose the vowel ''-ē/ê-'' and instead conjugate similarly to the corresponding forms of ''j''-present strong verbs (with its light and heavy variants). The past participle has the connector vowel ''-i-''.
 ====='''Class 3'''=====
-Class 3 weak verbs conjugate similarly to ''j''-present strong verbs in all non-past forms.
+There are two subclasses of class 3 weak verbs.
-The past indicative has a connector vowel ''-(i)ja-'', while the past subjunctive and past participle have a connector vowel ''-i/ī-''. In both cases, the suffixes follow Siever's law.
+The first subclass is conjugated similarly to class 2 weak verbs, but with vowels ''-ē-'' and ''-ê-'' instead of ''-ō-'' and ''-ô-'' (except for the 1S present, which has ''-ô-''). Note that ''-ǫ̂'' is not affected. The past participle has the connector vowel ''-a-''.
+The second subclass is conjugated similarly to first subclasses, with the following exception: The present sunjunctive and the 1S & 3P present indicative lose the vowel ''-ē/ê-'' and instead are conjugated similarly to class 1 weak verbs. The past participle has the connector vowel ''-i-''.
 ====='''Class 4'''=====
 Class 4 weak verbs do not have a suffix. Their non-past conjugation follows that of non-''j''-stem strong verbs.