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Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions
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→Weak verbs
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<!--Like strong verbs, weak verbs include. light and heavy ''j''-presents. However, unlike strong verbs, this ending is also included in --> | <!--Like strong verbs, weak verbs include. light and heavy ''j''-presents. However, unlike strong verbs, this ending is also included in --> | ||
====='''Class 1'''===== | ====='''Class 1'''===== | ||
Class 1 weak verbs have the following characteristics: | Class 1 weak verbs conjugate similarly to ''j''-present strong verbs in all non-past forms. | ||
The past indicative has a connector vowel ''-(i)ja-'', while the past subjunctive and past participle have a connector vowel ''-i/ī-''. In both cases, the suffixes follow Siever's law. | |||
====='''Class 2'''===== | |||
Class 2 weak verbs have the following characteristics: | |||
*The present stem ends in ''-ō-'', which contracts with long vowels to ''-ô-'' and with long nasal vowels to ''-ǫ̂''. | *The present stem ends in ''-ō-'', which contracts with long vowels to ''-ô-'' and with long nasal vowels to ''-ǫ̂''. | ||
*The connector vowel in the past (both indicative and subjunctive) and past participle is ''-ō-'', as in the present stem. | *The connector vowel in the past (both indicative and subjunctive) and past participle is ''-ō-'', as in the present stem. | ||
====='''Class 3'''===== | ====='''Class 3'''===== | ||
There are two subclasses of class 3 weak verbs. | |||
The | The first subclass is conjugated similarly to class 2 weak verbs, but with vowels ''-ē-'' and ''-ê-'' instead of ''-ō-'' and ''-ô-'' (except for the 1S present, which has ''-ô-''). Note that ''-ǫ̂'' is not affected. The past participle has the connector vowel ''-a-''. | ||
The second subclass is conjugated similarly to first subclasses, with the following exception: The present sunjunctive and the 1S & 3P present indicative lose the vowel ''-ē/ê-'' and instead are conjugated similarly to class 1 weak verbs. The past participle has the connector vowel ''-i-''. | |||
====='''Class 4'''===== | ====='''Class 4'''===== | ||
Class 4 weak verbs do not have a suffix. Their non-past conjugation follows that of non-''j''-stem strong verbs. | Class 4 weak verbs do not have a suffix. Their non-past conjugation follows that of non-''j''-stem strong verbs. | ||