Verse:Irta/English: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(67 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = English
|name = English
|setting = [[Verse:Apple PIE]]
|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
|creator = diachronics by [[User:Praimhín]]
|
|
|
|state = Spain, United States, India, Australia, New Zealand ...
|state = United Kingdom, United States, India, Australia, New Zealand ...
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Azalic]]
|fam2=[[Azalic]]
|fam3=L-Middle English
|script1=Latn
|script1=Latn
}}
}}


'''English in the Lõis timeline''' is Indo-European and pretty much has exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different history and orthography created by Praimhín. In particular, it is an [[Azalic]] language, not a Germanic one. Also missing are some loans from German and Modern Scandinavian such as ''schadenfreude'' and ''smörgåsbord''. Words (even words directly inherited from PIE) may not have the same etymologies as in our English.
'''English in the Irta timeline''' (Thurish: ''yȧzalathā nowā'', Riphean: ''āzaliske rstine''; names that sound like "Azalic" are used in Northern Europe, but Latin and Romance use names from Latin ''Anglica'', from the native name ''əngoilisχ'') is Indo-European and pretty much has exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different history and orthography created by Praimhín. In particular, it is an [[Azalic]] language, not a Germanic one. Also missing are some loans from German and Modern Scandinavian such as ''schadenfreude'' and ''smörgåsbord''. Words (even words directly inherited from PIE) may not have the same etymologies as in our English.
 
It is part of a sprachbund with [[Togarmite]], [[An Bhlaoighne]] and [[Padmanābha]].
 
In addition to the Near East, Lõisian English is spoken by diaspora communities, the largest of which are Poland, Siészalkuk, and more recently, Mexico. ''Note'': Nahuatl loans in English predate the Azalic diaspora in Mexico by centuries, and are passed through an intermediate Corded Ware language so they would be the same as in our timeline.


==Diachronics==
==Diachronics==
Line 26: Line 21:
*Proto-Azalic (500 BC): moen phroċn chom moen yunċ Ənghoilisċ swerər phrinṫsu: qhoin iċ swer in Phrothəm Ənghoilisċə, ṫoin ṫoe honṫswer in Newin Ənghoilisċə /moen pʰroxn kʰom moen juŋx əngʰoilisx swerər pʰrinθsu: kʷʰoin ix swer in pʰrotʰəm əngʰoilisxə, θoin θoe honθswer in newin əngʰoilisxə/
*Proto-Azalic (500 BC): moen phroċn chom moen yunċ Ənghoilisċ swerər phrinṫsu: qhoin iċ swer in Phrothəm Ənghoilisċə, ṫoin ṫoe honṫswer in Newin Ənghoilisċə /moen pʰroxn kʰom moen juŋx əngʰoilisx swerər pʰrinθsu: kʷʰoin ix swer in pʰrotʰəm əngʰoilisxə, θoin θoe honθswer in newin əngʰoilisxə/


*Lõisian "Old English" (0 AD): mae complānċt wiṫ mae yunċ Azalisċ spəɨcenṫ phrinṫs: qhen iċ spəɨc in Antēc Azalisċ, ṫen ṫā answer in Modern Əinglisċ
* Old Azalic (Irta's "Old English") (500 AD): mae complānċt wiṫ mae yunċ Azalisċ spəɨcenṫ phrinṫs: qhen iċ spəɨc in Antēc Azalisċ, ṫen ṫā answer in Modern Əngilisċ


*Lõisian "Middle English" (500 AD): mae problem wiδ mae yung Azalic spəɨcen phrinṫs: qhen ī spəɨc in Proto Azalic, δen δā anser in Modern Ingliš
* "Middle English" (1000 AD): mae problem wiδ mae yung Azalic spəɨcen phrinṫs: qhen ī spəɨc in Proto Azalic, δen δā anser in Modern Ingliš


*900 AD - present: my problem with my young Azalic speaking friends: when I speak in Proto-Azalic, they answer in English
*1500 AD - present: my problem with my young Azalic speaking friends: when I speak in Proto-Azalic, they answer in English


===Early New English===
===Early New English===
Line 39: Line 34:
l~lˠ ɹ̝ˠ j
l~lˠ ɹ̝ˠ j
and allophonic ʔ
and allophonic ʔ
(stops may or may not be aspirated, it's free variation)
(stops were not aspirated)


TRAP: /a/
TRAP: /a/
Line 65: Line 60:


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
English in Lõis has two writing systems: the Avestan alphabet and the Latin alphabet. The Avestan orthography is phonemic and the Latin one is a bit more etymological, spelling Latinate words in a way that is closer to their source languages.
Some hyperarchaisms even in Latin and Greek loans: gnobill for noble
===Avestan===
 
===Latin===
==Accents==
uon, tô, thrê, phuor, phaiv, six, sevn, aiht, nyn, ten
different from our English accents; RP shouldn't exist


<poem>
===Quelfton English===
''O Captin! My Captin! ûr phiêrphul trip is dôn;''
Spoken in Quelfton, a city in Irta's Eastern Canada
''Ðe ship has weđrd evrih rac, đe prise uê suht is wun;''
''Ðe port is niêr, đe bels ih hiêr, đe pơpul al exsulting,''
''Huîl pholo eihs đe stedih kêl, đe vessl grim and dâring;''
''But O hart! hart! hart!''
''O đe blêding drops of red,''
''Huer on đe dec my captin lihs,''
''Phalen cold and diêd.''
</poem>


Pronounced /kʌftən/; quelf is from PIE *gʷelbʰ- 'womb'


pelth₂óm > PPTA pheldă > phêld "field"
====Vocabulary====
Stereotypical Boston words like "wicked" and "pissa"


==Accents==
====Phonology====
Philly + Boston; It is meant to be RP in ways that the Irta California accent is not. Intonation is similar to American.
*MOUTH is monophthongized to [ɶ̝ː], sometimes with a MOUTH-START merger to /aː~æː/.
*-ing becomes -in' in casual speech
*(Ph) Philly L (/l/ becomes a pharyngealized nasalized uvular approximant)
*(~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
**When the consonant is voiceless, the nucleus is shortened consonant is lengthened: ''face'' [fɪjsˑ]
**Otherwise this does not happen: ''fame'' [fɛˑɪm]
*(B, RP) non-rhotic
*(Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
*(Ph, ~B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
*(Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]
*(~Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
*(B, ~RP) START = [ä]
*SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
*NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
*NURSE = [əː]
*wine-whine distinction is optional
*A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Pacific English
*hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
*orange [ɑɹɪndʒ]
*mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
*/iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
*/θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
*"aunt" and "can't" use /a:/.
*wine-whine merger absent
*CLOTH = LOT, not THOUGHT
 
====Sample====
oəʟ hjüwmən bɪjɪnz ə boən fɹɪj ən iʝkˑwəʟ ɪn dɪgnɪɾɪj ən ɹʌɪʔˑs. d̪eɪ əɹ ɪndœːd wɪd ɹɪjzn ən kɒnʃns, ən ʃəd ækt toədz wɤn ənɤd̪əɹ ɪn ə spɪɹɪɾ əv bɾɤd̪əhəd.
 
pliʝˑs koəʟ stɛʟə. eəsk ə ɾə bɹɪŋ d̪is t̪ɪŋz wɪd̪ ə fɹəm d̪ə stoə. sɪks spüwnz əf fɹɛʃˑ snəʊ pɪjz, fɑɪf t̪ɪkˑ sʟæbz əv blüw tʃɪjz, ən mɛɪbɪj ə snæk fəɹ ə bɹʌðə bɑˑb. wɪj oəʟsə nɪjɾ ə smoəʟ pʟæstɪk snɪjkˑ ən ə bɪg toɪ fɹoəg fə d̪ə kɪdz. ʃi kən sküwpˑ d̪is t̪ɪŋz ɪɾ̃ə t̪ɾɪj ɹɛd bægz, ən wiʟ gə miʝɾ ə wɛnsdɛɪ æʔ t̪ə tɹɛɪn stɪjʃˑən.
 
===Pacific===
A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Modern RP/Estuary.
 
Intonation is mostly American + my own weird intonation
=====Vocab=====
Mostly like our American English, with a limited number of Britishisms: ''knackered, mental, bollocks, bugger, fancy, ...'' the ones I sorta-know how to use
 
=====Vowels=====
*orange = [oːɹəndʒ]
*Mary-merry-marry merger
*Mirror-nearer merger
*Hurry-furry merger
*No mergers before /l/
*No trap-bath split
*No yod-coalescence


Almost the same as our English accents
=====Consonants=====
*L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
**wholly-holy split.
*No glottal reinforcement before stops.
*/p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
*/d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
*wine-whine merger present.


[[Category:Azalic languages]]
[[Category:Azalic languages]]

Latest revision as of 17:03, 1 April 2023

Verse:Irta/English/Non-Azalic etyma
English
Created bydiachronics by User:Praimhín
SettingVerse:Irta
Native toSpain, United States, India, Australia, New Zealand ...

English in the Irta timeline (Thurish: yȧzalathā nowā, Riphean: āzaliske rstine; names that sound like "Azalic" are used in Northern Europe, but Latin and Romance use names from Latin Anglica, from the native name əngoilisχ) is Indo-European and pretty much has exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different history and orthography created by Praimhín. In particular, it is an Azalic language, not a Germanic one. Also missing are some loans from German and Modern Scandinavian such as schadenfreude and smörgåsbord. Words (even words directly inherited from PIE) may not have the same etymologies as in our English.

Diachronics

  • dialectal PIE (according to one in-universe theory): meyno- proḱnom ḱom meyno- h₂yuHṇḱ- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk- swer-ro- priHṇt-su: kʷo-Hn-i eǵh₂ swere h₁en protṃmo-ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei, to-Hn-i toi h₂enti-swere h₁en new-iHno- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei.
  • Proto-Azalic (500 BC): moen phroċn chom moen yunċ Ənghoilisċ swerər phrinṫsu: qhoin iċ swer in Phrothəm Ənghoilisċə, ṫoin ṫoe honṫswer in Newin Ənghoilisċə /moen pʰroxn kʰom moen juŋx əngʰoilisx swerər pʰrinθsu: kʷʰoin ix swer in pʰrotʰəm əngʰoilisxə, θoin θoe honθswer in newin əngʰoilisxə/
  • Old Azalic (Irta's "Old English") (500 AD): mae complānċt wiṫ mae yunċ Azalisċ spəɨcenṫ phrinṫs: qhen iċ spəɨc in Antēc Azalisċ, ṫen ṫā answer in Modern Əngilisċ
  • "Middle English" (1000 AD): mae problem wiδ mae yung Azalic spəɨcen phrinṫs: qhen ī spəɨc in Proto Azalic, δen δā anser in Modern Ingliš
  • 1500 AD - present: my problem with my young Azalic speaking friends: when I speak in Proto-Azalic, they answer in English

Early New English

consonant inventory of 15th century Azalic English: p t̪ tʃ k b d̪ dʒ g m n̪ ɸ β ʋ w θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h l~lˠ ɹ̝ˠ j and allophonic ʔ (stops were not aspirated)

TRAP: /a/ BATH: /a:/ PALM: /ɑ/ FACE: /e:/ DRESS: /ɛ/ FLEECE: /i:/ KIT: /i/ PRICE: /ae/ LOT: /ɔ/ THOUGHT: /ɔ:/ GOAT: /o:/ GOOSE: /u:/ FOOT: /u/ STRUT: /ø/

no Canadian raising, rhotic vowels are basically the vowels plus /ɹ/ [ɹ̝ˠ]

most of the changes that happen between the 10th and 17th centuries are to the consonants: /pʰ tʰ/ turn into breathy spirants /ɸʰ θʰ/, which was thought of as substandard speech until around the 13th century; the breathiness disappears around the 15th century when ph th officially become /ɸ θ/

15th century English also had a split between w from PAzal *v, pronounced /ʋ/, and w from PAzal *qh and *ᵹh, pronounced /w/

chain shift in 18th century accents: /ø/ -> /ə/, but /o:/ becomes a new front rounded vowel /ɔɵ/ and then /ɔʉ/ (a bit like in Australian English); then in the 20th century it would shift to /əʏ/

Orthography

Some hyperarchaisms even in Latin and Greek loans: gnobill for noble

Accents

different from our English accents; RP shouldn't exist

Quelfton English

Spoken in Quelfton, a city in Irta's Eastern Canada

Pronounced /kʌftən/; quelf is from PIE *gʷelbʰ- 'womb'

Vocabulary

Stereotypical Boston words like "wicked" and "pissa"

Phonology

Philly + Boston; It is meant to be RP in ways that the Irta California accent is not. Intonation is similar to American.

  • MOUTH is monophthongized to [ɶ̝ː], sometimes with a MOUTH-START merger to /aː~æː/.
  • -ing becomes -in' in casual speech
  • (Ph) Philly L (/l/ becomes a pharyngealized nasalized uvular approximant)
  • (~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
    • When the consonant is voiceless, the nucleus is shortened consonant is lengthened: face [fɪjsˑ]
    • Otherwise this does not happen: fame [fɛˑɪm]
  • (B, RP) non-rhotic
  • (Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
  • (Ph, ~B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
  • (Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]
  • (~Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
  • (B, ~RP) START = [ä]
  • SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
  • NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
  • NURSE = [əː]
  • wine-whine distinction is optional
  • A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Pacific English
  • hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
  • orange [ɑɹɪndʒ]
  • mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
  • /iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
  • /θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
  • "aunt" and "can't" use /a:/.
  • wine-whine merger absent
  • CLOTH = LOT, not THOUGHT

Sample

oəʟ hjüwmən bɪjɪnz ə boən fɹɪj ən iʝkˑwəʟ ɪn dɪgnɪɾɪj ən ɹʌɪʔˑs. d̪eɪ əɹ ɪndœːd wɪd ɹɪjzn ən kɒnʃns, ən ʃəd ækt toədz wɤn ənɤd̪əɹ ɪn ə spɪɹɪɾ əv bɾɤd̪əhəd.

pliʝˑs koəʟ stɛʟə. eəsk ə ɾə bɹɪŋ d̪is t̪ɪŋz wɪd̪ ə fɹəm d̪ə stoə. sɪks spüwnz əf fɹɛʃˑ snəʊ pɪjz, fɑɪf t̪ɪkˑ sʟæbz əv blüw tʃɪjz, ən mɛɪbɪj ə snæk fəɹ ə bɹʌðə bɑˑb. wɪj oəʟsə nɪjɾ ə smoəʟ pʟæstɪk snɪjkˑ ən ə bɪg toɪ fɹoəg fə d̪ə kɪdz. ʃi kən sküwpˑ d̪is t̪ɪŋz ɪɾ̃ə t̪ɾɪj ɹɛd bægz, ən wiʟ gə miʝɾ ə wɛnsdɛɪ æʔ t̪ə tɹɛɪn stɪjʃˑən.

Pacific

A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Modern RP/Estuary.

Intonation is mostly American + my own weird intonation

Vocab

Mostly like our American English, with a limited number of Britishisms: knackered, mental, bollocks, bugger, fancy, ... the ones I sorta-know how to use

Vowels
  • orange = [oːɹəndʒ]
  • Mary-merry-marry merger
  • Mirror-nearer merger
  • Hurry-furry merger
  • No mergers before /l/
  • No trap-bath split
  • No yod-coalescence
Consonants
  • L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
    • wholly-holy split.
  • No glottal reinforcement before stops.
  • /p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
  • /d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
  • wine-whine merger present.