Azalic: Difference between revisions

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'''Azalic''' ([[Togarmite]]: ''lysėni Azali''; Proto-Azalic: ''Əngoilin woiq̇'') is an imagined Indo-European branch, intended to serve as an alternate possible [[Azalic/English|diachronics of the English language]].
'''Azalic''' is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in [[Verse:Ed Dynje]].


The name ''Azalic'' is derived from ''Åzalaa'', a Hivantish cognate of Əngoil /ˈəngojl/, the legendary mother of the Azalic people (meaning "The Unploughed"; cognate of Ahalyā in Hindu mythology). Like in our timeline, English was the lingua franca of a huge part of the world, but unlike in our timeline, this resulted in English being the most conservative language in the Azalic branch. This is due to Proto-Azalic already having undergone morphological simplifications from PIE, to the point where it's almost as analytic as English. Other descendants have changed a lot more and have various typologies, including innovated gender systems, agglutinating morphology and even predicate-first syntax.
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Azalic languages|*]][[Category:Ed Dynje]]
 
Proto-Azalic is notable for having wide phonological and lexical variation across dialects. The central dialects evolved into English. Most other Azalic languages are from the peripheral dialects, which have some unique IE isoglosses. (read: excuse to make non-Englishy Azalic languages)
 
==Urheimat==
 
Another possible path to Britain -- Spain, Portugal, Morocco and the Pyrenees
 
==Family tree==
*Azalic
**[[Əinglisċ]]
***Early New English
****English
****a Danish-like VSO language spoken in Irta Canary Islands (Do we need this?)
****Polish Azalic
**** [[Riphean]]
**[[Khuamnisht]]
**something with ejectives
 
==Phonology==
Inspirations: Vietnamese, Armenian, literally read Irish
 
'''m n bh dh gh ᵹh p t c q ph th ch qh ṗ ṫ ċ q̇ s ṡ h l r y w'''
 
/m n
bʰ dʰ gʰ gʷʰ
p t k kʷ
pʰ tʰ kʰ kʷʰ
f θ x xw
sʰ z h
l r j w/
 
''Nota Bene:'' The stops and vowels had a wide variety of dialectal realizations, as in Modern Armenian. Some Proto-Azalic dialects had realizations of the stops that are much closer to Proto-Italic; this is reflected in loans from those dialects in English, like ''dream'' <- *troimə (pronounced /drəɨmə/ in the dialect).
 
Vowels: '''e i o u ə é í ó ú oe əɨ eo ou ieu ia ua''' /e i o u ə~ʌ e: i: o: u: oe əɨ eo əu iəu iə uə/ + offglides in -i; allophonic Open Syllable Lengthening
 
 
Reflexes:
*oi > uə
*iH > i:
*ei > oe, sometimes iə
*ē > e:
*e, i > e, i
*uH > eo (u: in some words)
*u > u (needs umlaut)
*ou > əɨ
*eu > əɨ (iəu in some words)
*o > o (needs umlaut)
*oH, ô, eh2, eh3 > əu
 
*enC > oeC
*onC > əuC
*nC > eoC
 
h1oinos, dwoh1, treyes, kwetwores, penkwe, sweks, septm, oktōw, h₁néwn̥, deḱm
-> xuən, təu, tʰriə~tʰre:, pʰoþur, pʰoəxw, seks, sefn, oxʰtəu, nəɨn, texn~te:n
 
huon, tou, thré, phoṫur, phoeq̇, secs, seṗn, ohtou, nəɨn, teċn/tén
 
h₃nómṇ > *nomə > L-MidE ''name'' > ''name''
 
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Proto-Azalic had a highly eroded case system. The notation (i) denotes "i-umlaut" or a j-offglide on the nucleus.
 
*dir. -0, (i)
*voc. (i), (i)
*obl. (i)~(i)-ə~ə, -su~-ṡu
*gen I. -is, (i)-is~-ə
*gen II. -in, (i)-in
*lat. -ther, (no pl)
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''vəlqh'' 'wolf'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''vəlqh'' || ''vəilqh''
|-
! Vocative
| ''vəilqh'' || ''vəilqh''
|-
! Genitive
| ''vəlqhis'' || ''vəilqhsi, vəlqhə''
|-
! Genitive II
| ''vəlqhin'' || ''vəilqhin''
|-
! Oblique
| ''vəilqhə'' || ''vəilqhsu''
|-
! Lative
| ''vəlqhthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''qenə'' 'lady; wife'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəh''
|-
! Vocative
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəh''
|-
! Genitive
| ''qenəis'' || ''qenə''
|-
! Oblique
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəṡu''
|-
! Lative
| ''qenəthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''ghous'' 'goose'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''ghous'' || ''ghouis''
|-
! Vocative
| ''ghouis'' || ''ghouis''
|-
! Genitive
| ''ghousəis'' || ''ghouisi(s), ghousə''
|-
! Oblique
| ''ghouis'' || ''ghoussu''
|-
! Lative
| ''ghousthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives were uninflected, because they were split off from adjective-noun compounds.
===Pronouns===
The conjunctive pronouns were used as pronominal subjects in unmarked sentences. The disjunctive pronouns were used as direct, indirect or prepositional objects and in sentences such as:
*''It est mé'' "It's me".
*''ne jú'' 'not you'
*''Mé, iċ oil chuamə.'' 'Me, I'm going home.'
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
! rowspan=2 | || rowspan=2 | 1sg. || colspan=2 | 2 (number neutral) || colspan=2 | 3sg. proximal animate || rowspan=2 | 3sg. proximal inanimate  || rowspan=2 | 1pl. || rowspan="2" | 3sg. distal animate; 3pl || colspan=2 | interr.
|-
! neutral || rude || 'he' || 'she' || 'who' || 'what'
|-
! Conjunctive
| ''iċ'' || ''júh'' || ''ṫú'' || ''cheh'' || ''sí'' || ''it, 't'' || ''wia'' || ''ṫoeh'' || ''qhú'' || ''qhot''
|-
! Disjunctive
| ''mé'' || ''jú'' || ''ṫé'' || ''chem'' || ''chéh'' || ''it, 't'' || ''əs'' || ''ṫem'' || ''qhúm'' || ''qhot''
|-
! Possessive
| ''moenə'' || ''juṡə'' || ''ṫoenə'' || ''cheis'' || ''chéṡə'' || ''eis'' || ''eoṡə'' || ''ṫoeṡə'' || colspan="2" | ''qhois''
|}
 
===Verbs===
-eh2ti > -ə; -yeti, -eyeti > (i)-ə
 
The original PIE personal affixes were lost. When the subject was nominal singular, "he", "she" or "it", the suffix ''-se'' (from PIE *swe) was required for verbal agreement. The 2sg and 3sg distal pronouns were number neutral so they didn't take ''-se''.
 
The different forms were:
*Imperative (source of English imperative): non-past without any endings
*Nonpast (the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb
*Past: PIE reduplicated perfect or root aorist
*Irrealis (source of the English subjunctive, including ''were''): sigmatic future.
*Stative (the source of the English past): a tenseless form like the Akkadian stative. Originally a deverbal noun; formed with the o-grade (deriving nouns in PIE) for strongs, -ṫ from -tús (with random voicing) for weaks, (i)-ə from -ih2 for semistrongs. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take ''-se''.
**Some modal verbs in English, such as ''can, will, shall, may, must, ought'', come from statives and thus are called stative-present verbs.
*Active participle: -ənt
**''-ənt-qhe'' became the present progressive ''-ing'' in English.
*Passive participle (source of English past participle): zero-grade with -n from -nós, or -dh from -tós
 
Proto-Azalic had at least three distinct verb paradigms:
*The weak verbs became the English weaks
*The strong verbs became the non-class 7 strongs in English (e.g. ''bind'')
*The semistrong verbs became the class 7 strongs such as ''fall, hold, grow, know''
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Verb conjugation
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Weak: ''luṗə'' 'love'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Strong: ''bhendh'' 'bind'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Semistrong: ''choldh'' 'grasp'
|-
! Imperative
| ''luṗə'' || ''bhendh'' || ''choldh''
|-
! Nonpast
| ''luṗə(-se)'' || ''bhendh(-se)'' || ''choldh(-se)''
|-
! Past
| ''leluṗə(-se)'' || ''bhəndh(-se)'' || ''cechəldh(-se)''
|-
! Irrealis
| ''luṗəṡə(-se), luṗəh(-se)'' || ''bhendhəṡə(-se), bhendhəh(-se)'' || ''choldhəṡə(-se), choldhəh(-se)''
|-
! Stative
| ''luṗəṫ'' || ''bhondh'' || ''choildhə''
|-
! Active part.
| ''luṗənt'' || ''bhəndhənt'' || ''choldhənt''
|-
! Passive part.
| ''luṗədh'' || ''bhəndhən'' || ''choldhən''
|}
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
*SVO, VSO in questions or for emphasis
*Prepositions over postpositions
*Adjectives and genitives before nouns; relative clauses after nouns.
*No accusative-infinitive
 
The English accusative and infinitive construction doesn't come from PAzal; it is a result of substrate influence from ___.
 
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Azalic languages|*]][[Category:Lõis]]

Latest revision as of 06:25, 4 May 2023

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