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| *phləut: flute <- Vulgar Latin ''flautum''
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| **English ''flute''
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| *dhrəm: drum (onomatopoeic)
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| **English ''drum''
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| "afraid": from random metathesis and vowel change from a-fear-ed
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| *sphoich: "to demonstrate"
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| **-> communicate -> speak
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| doom is from dʰuh₁mós "smoke" (with an incomplete GVS)
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| in Lõis, "doom" isn't related to "deem" and "-dom"
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| kʷi-ǵenh₁- "what kind" -> qhicən -> which
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| "when" has a fancy etymology; it's from Early PAzal "qhoen" <- *kʷe-iHn-ey, which was not an interrogative; it was a derivative of kʷe "and", so it meant "and subsequently" but, in Late PAzal it shifted in meaning to an interrogative by analogy with the other qh words and the vowel shortened, making "qhen"
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| the word "ṫen" (then) came up, again by analogy, in phrases like "qhen ... ṫen ..."
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| "where" is from *kʷeysu
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| "why" is from *kʷey
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| "how" is from *kʷónoh₁ -> *kʷénoh₁ (random change) -> qheno -> qheo
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| "so" is from *swóy
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| *wroes "rice" <- *warinǰ- (Wanderwort from a Paleo-Iranian language, cognate with Harappan ''vøriṇ'')
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| **English ''rice''
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| *teor "hard" <- duHrós
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| **English ''dour'' (via a nonstandard dialect)
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| *chér, pl. chéir "strand of hair"
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| **English ''hair'' (not used in the "poetry" sense)
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| **Khuamnisht ''čher'' (strand of hair, line of poetry)
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| ***Siészal ''czáż'' "string"
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| *miəu "cat" (not from PIE)
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| **Khuamnisht ''mev''
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| *PIE *gwih₃-
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| **qik <- hypothetical post-PIE *gʷig <- *gʷih₃-g- (root extension)
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| ***English ''quick''
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| **qíw <- *gʷih₃-w-
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| ***Middle English ''to quy'' "to live"
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| *út~ut "out" <- *ud (random lengthening)
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| **English ''out'', ''outer'', ''utmost''
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| **Khuamnisht ''ut'' "out", ''ucix'' "outside"
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| *bhút "matter" <- *bʰuHtóm (random change from the expected *bhúth)
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| **on "about, on"; on bhútə "about"
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| ***English ''on'', ''about''
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| **otbhút "event, happening"
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| ***Khuamnisht ''yarbut'' "boredom" (~ Sanskrit adbhuta "surprise")
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| *eiph "on, at" <- *h₁epi
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| **English ''if''
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| *-q̇e "and"
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| **ṫotq̇e
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| ***Khuamnisht ''sačh'' "and" (separating items in a clause, like Estonian "ja")
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| *thu <- PIE *tu
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| **Dau-Gequoxex ''tu'', ''-t'' "and"
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| ***English ''too''
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| ***Khuamnisht ''t̔u'' "and" (separating clauses, like Estonian ''ning'')
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| **Dau-Gequoxex ''but'' "in addition" <- bhuHtóm tu
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| ***English ''but''
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| *hoiw "egg" <- *h₂owyóm
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| **Old Khuamnisht ''aig''
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| ***English ''egg'' (Philadelphian: /ɛɡ/; Standard, Eastern and Poylish: /eɪɡ/)
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| ***Khuamnisht ''yaǰ'' "egg", ''tivyaǰ'' "universe"
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| ***Siészal ''tyviadż'' "world"
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| *dhwor, dhur = door <- PIE dʰwor-
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| **English ''door'' <- dhur
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| **Khuamnisht ''ergor'' <- dhwor
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| *wet, wotər = wet, water <- PIE *wed-
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| **English ''wet'', ''water''
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| **Khuamnisht ''get'' (river) <- PIE *wed-os (s-stem)
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| *werthrə = gear <- PIE wert-treh₂ (~ vertebra)
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| **Southern Khuamnisht ''giher'', Northern Khuamnisht ''git̔er''
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| ***English ''gear''
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| ***Siészal ''gitь'' "wheel"
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| ***Xeno-Mandarin ''jiar'' "wheel"
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| *weinə = to win <- PIE *wenh₁-yeti
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| **English ''win''
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| **Southern Khuamnisht ''gén''
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| ***English ''gain''
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| *qhel = to turn, harvest
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| **archaic English ''whel'' (to harvest)
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| **Khuamnisht ''čhel'' (to harvest)
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| **-el frequentative <- *-q̇el
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| ***-el habitual tense in Khuamnisht
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| ***qherṗel "to whirl" <- PIE kʷerp-
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| ****English ''whirl''
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| ****qherṗeldh <- qherṗel + PIE -tis
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| *****English ''world'' (the etymology parallels Sanskrit ''jagat'' (world) <- gʷe-gʷṃt)
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| **-q̇l-iċ univerbated suffix for adverbs <- PIE -kʷl-ikós
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| ***English ''-ly'' adverb suffix
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| *woq̇ = speech
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| **Khuamisht ''gočh'' "language"
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| **dialectal English ''wough'' /wʌf/ "talk, speech"
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| *threch / dhregh = to move (from PIE *trek ~ *dʰregʰ, from Proto-Semitic *drk)
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| **English ''trek, track'' (via Dau-Gequoxex); ''drag, draw''
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| *thoiqə = to abandon
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| **Khuamisht ''thoča'' "to dispose"
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| ***Siészal ''tóczah'' "to write"
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| *qolbh = womb
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| **English ''calf''
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| *snocə = snake
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| *sorphə = snake
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| *chret-/chrot- = to believe (*kreddhh1eti)
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| **English ''rate'' {{angbr|hrât}}
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| *qú = cow
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| *qenə = woman
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| *phoeq̇ = five (*penkwe)
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| **English ''five'' {{angbr|phîv}}
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| **ĐG ''phiêh''
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| *liq̇th: empty (from *likʷ-tos)
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| **English ''light'' (low mass)
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| *taoth = tooth (*h3donts)
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| **English ''tooth'' {{Angbr|tôth}}
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| **ĐG ''đuôt''
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| *''sər'' from OTog ''šar'' /ʃar/ 'lord' ~ Biblical Hebrew שר ''śar'' 'prince, ruler'
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| *jess = yes ([[Togarmite/Old|Old Togarmite]] ''yeš'' 'there is')
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| **English ''yes''
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| **ĐG ''hex''
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| *rauþər = preferably (*h₁rom-þer from h₁rem 'to rest')
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| **English ''rather'' (''rađr'')
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| **ĐG ''ruôdơ'' 'please'
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| *''ghost'' from *ghostis (a loan?)
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| *Sunday
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| *Monday
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| *Tuesday (from *dyews "bright day" since it starts the work week),
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| *Wednesday (from *(d)w-iHno- "second day", a doublet with "twin")
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| *Thursday (from "third day")
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| *Friday (from *kʷetur-iHno, eroded heavily)
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| *choph/choiph: to seize
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| **English ''have'' and ''keep'' (doublets)
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| *sthuphə: to push (<- stew- and a root extension -p-, perhaps related to the preposition *h₁epi)
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| **English ''stop'' and ''stuff'' (doublets)
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| *hechwə-ph (<- hechwə "horse" + -p-)
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| **English ''equip'' (influenced by Latin ''equus'')
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| *troimə: sleep (<- drom-yos)
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| **English ''dream''
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| *tholqh: to interpret
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| **English ''talk''
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| *helph: to nourish (from h₂el- and a root extension -p-, perhaps related to the preposition *h₁epi)
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| **English ''help''
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