User:IlL/Spare pages 1/55: Difference between revisions
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A-Tiberian Hebrew is the same as ours but with ejectives for emphatics instead of pharyngealized consonants. | A-Tiberian Hebrew is the same as ours but with ejectives for emphatics instead of pharyngealized consonants. | ||
As in our timeline, Hebrew accents in the | As in our timeline, Hebrew accents in the Unbegotten timeline can be divided into three major types: | ||
*Ashkenazi-type: segol, pataħ, and qamatz are all distinct; tav is lenited (e.g. Modern Standard, Gaelic) | *Ashkenazi-type: segol, pataħ, and qamatz are all distinct; tav is lenited (e.g. Modern Standard, Gaelic) | ||
*Sephardi-type: segol != pataħ = qamatz; tav is ''not'' lenited (e.g. Vertlandic) | *Sephardi-type: segol != pataħ = qamatz; tav is ''not'' lenited (e.g. Vertlandic) | ||
*Babylonian-type: segol = pataħ != qamatz (e.g. Indian) | *Babylonian-type: segol = pataħ != qamatz (e.g. Indian) | ||
==Standard== | ==Standard== | ||
Hebrew in Lõis was first revived by English-speaking Jewish immigrants in the Holy Land. Most speakers in the Holy Land today use a simplified version of English Hebrew, with a | Hebrew in Lõis was first revived by English-speaking Jewish immigrants in the Holy Land. Most speakers in the Holy Land today use a simplified version of English Hebrew, with a Gaelic Hebrew touch. | ||
* Stressed vowels are slightly longer than unstressed syllables. | * Stressed vowels are slightly longer than unstressed syllables. | ||
* TibH /p t k/ are aspirated except after fricatives; voicing assimilation works like in English | * TibH /p t k/ are aspirated except after fricatives; voicing assimilation works like in English | ||
* "overuse" of glottal reinforcement relative to Vertlandic Hebrew: the Revived Hebrew phonemes /p t k ts/ are realized as [ʔp ʔt ʔk ʔts] after a vowel or /m n l/. | * "overuse" of glottal reinforcement relative to Vertlandic Hebrew: the Revived Hebrew phonemes /p t k ts/ are realized as [ʔp ʔt ʔk ʔts] after a vowel or /m n l/. | ||
* beth, kaf, pe, tav without dagesh are [v, x, f, | * beth, kaf, pe, tav without dagesh are [v, x, f, s]. | ||
* lamed is always clear [l] | |||
* vav is [v], like in Israeli Hebrew | * vav is [v], like in Israeli Hebrew | ||
* A six-vowel system: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ = [i ɛ ɛ a ɔ ø u~ü]. /ø/ is lowered to [œ] before [χ]. | |||
* A six-vowel system: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ = [i ɛ ɛ a | * resh freely varies between [ɹ], [ɻ] and [ɾ] | ||
* resh | |||
* Shva is dropped using similar rules to Israeli Hebrew. If shva is pronounced as a vowel, it is pronounced as [ə]. | * Shva is dropped using similar rules to Israeli Hebrew. If shva is pronounced as a vowel, it is pronounced as [ə]. | ||
* Ayin not before a vowel (whether shva, chataf or final) behaves much like in Israeli Hebrew: /aʕ eʕ ɔʕ oʕ iʕ uʕ/ = [ɑ: ea oa~o øa ia ua]. Nasal realizations [ɑ̃ː ɛ̃ː ɔ̃ː œ̃ː iɑ̃~ẽː uɑ̃~õː] or pharyngeal realizations (pronouncing a pharyngeal ayin) may be present in proper and formal speech. | * Ayin not before a vowel (whether shva, chataf or final) behaves much like in Israeli Hebrew: /aʕ eʕ ɔʕ oʕ iʕ uʕ/ = [ɑ: ea oa~o øa ia ua]. Nasal realizations [ɑ̃ː ɛ̃ː ɔ̃ː œ̃ː iɑ̃~ẽː uɑ̃~õː] or pharyngeal realizations (pronouncing a pharyngeal ayin) may be present in proper and formal speech. | ||
* /h/-dropping does not occur word-initially or on the onset of a stressed syllable, except possibly in function words. The /h/ in the definite article /ha/ is not dropped phrase-initially. | * /h/-dropping does not occur word-initially or on the onset of a stressed syllable, except possibly in function words. The /h/ in the definite article /ha/ is not dropped phrase-initially. | ||
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The grammar is nearly identical to our Israeli Hebrew (using suffix conjugation = past, participle = present, prefix conjugation = future/imperative, l- + infinitive construct = infinitive), but different phonological simplifications are made than in Israeli Hebrew and there are calques from English not used in Israeli Hebrew, such as מה מעלה /ma ˈmaːlo/ = "what's up?" | The grammar is nearly identical to our Israeli Hebrew (using suffix conjugation = past, participle = present, prefix conjugation = future/imperative, l- + infinitive construct = infinitive), but different phonological simplifications are made than in Israeli Hebrew and there are calques from English not used in Israeli Hebrew, such as מה מעלה /ma ˈmaːlo/ = "what's up?" | ||
*The compensatory lengthening rule /a/ (patakh) to /o/ ( | *The compensatory lengthening rule /a/ (patakh) to /o/ (qamatz), /i/ (khiriq) to /e/ (tzere), /u/ (qubbutz) to /ø/ (holam) is consistently observed before an underlying geminate /ʔ/ (aleph or ayin) and /r/ in morphologically geminate forms such as ''piʕel'' verbs. | ||
**In particular, the definite article is usually ''ha'', but always ''ho'' before Revived phonemes /ʔ r/. | **In particular, the definite article is usually ''ha'', but always ''ho'' before Revived phonemes /ʔ r/. | ||
*The /ʔu-/ allomorph for ו 'and' may be used hypercorrectly. In normative Hebrew this allomorph is only found before labials and C + shva where C != yud. | *The /ʔu-/ allomorph for ו 'and' may be used hypercorrectly. In normative Hebrew this allomorph is only found before labials and C + shva where C != yud. | ||
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==Vertlandic== | ==Vertlandic== | ||
Vertlandic Jews (called "Sephardim" in-universe) have the following features: | Vertlandic Jews (called "Sephardim" in-universe) have the following features: | ||
*begadkefat acts on /b d k p/ → /v ð x f/ | *begadkefat acts on /b d k p/ → /v ð x f/ | ||
*glottal reinforcement before tet, tsadi, and kuf | *glottal reinforcement before tet, tsadi, and kuf | ||
*segol = ə, pataħ = QG = a, tsere = əy, ħolam = əw, ħiriq = i, QQ = shuruq = u | *segol = ə, pataħ = QG = a, tsere = əy, ħolam = əw, ħiriq = i, QQ = shuruq = u | ||
==Sample (Dror Yikra)== | ==Sample (Dror Yikra)== | ||
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|| | || | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
[dɹœɹ | [dɹœɹ jiʔˈkɹɔ ləˈvɛn (ʔ)im bas] | ||
[ | [vəjinʔtsɔɹˈχɛm kmø vɔˈvas] | ||
[nəˈ(ʔ)im ʃimˈχɛm vəˈlø | [nəˈ(ʔ)im ʃimˈχɛm vəˈlø juʃˈbas] | ||
[ʃvu nuˈχu bəˈjøm | [ʃvu nuˈχu bəˈjøm ʃaˈbɔs] | ||
[dɹøʃ | [dɹøʃ nɔˈvi və(ʔ)ulɔˈmi] | ||
[vəˈ(ʔ) | [vəˈ(ʔ)øs ˈjɛʃa (ʔ)aˈsɛ (ʔ)iˈmi] | ||
[nəʔˈta søˈɹɛʔk | [nəʔˈta søˈɹɛʔk bəˈsœχ kaɹˈmi] | ||
[ʃəˈ(ʔ)e ʃavˈ(ʔ) | [ʃəˈ(ʔ)e ʃavˈ(ʔ)as bnɛ (ʔ)aˈmi] | ||
[dɹœχ | [dɹœχ pʊəˈɹɔ bəˈsɔx bɔʔtsˈɹɔ] | ||
[vəˈgam | [vəˈgam bɔˈvɛl (ʔ)aˈʃɛɹ gɔvˈɹɔ] | ||
[ | [nəˈsøʔts tsɔˈɹaj bəˈ(ʔ)af və(ʔ)ɛvˈɹɔ] | ||
[ʃma køˈli bəˈjøm (ʔ) | [ʃma køˈli bəˈjøm (ʔ)ɛʔkˈɹɔ] | ||
[ʔɛløʔˈkim tɛn | [ʔɛløʔˈkim tɛn bamidˈbɔɹ haɹ] | ||
[haˈdas | [haˈdas ʃiʔˈtɔ bəˈɹøʃ tidˈɦɔɹ] | ||
[vəlamazˈɦiɹ | [vəlamazˈɦiɹ vəlanizˈɦɔɹ] | ||
[ʃløˈmim tɛn kəˈmɛ | [ʃløˈmim tɛn kəˈmɛ nɔˈhɔɹ] | ||
[həˈdœχ | [həˈdœχ kɔˈmaj χaj ʔɛl kaˈnɔ] | ||
[bəˈmøg | [bəˈmøg lɛˈvɔv uvimgiˈnɔ] | ||
[ | [vənaɹˈχiv pɛ unmaˈlɛnɔ] | ||
[ləʃøˈnɛnu | [ləʃøˈnɛnu ləˈχɔ ɹiˈnɔ] | ||
[dəˈ(ʔ)ɛ χoχˈmo lənafˈʃɛχo] | [dəˈ(ʔ)ɛ χoχˈmo lənafˈʃɛχo] | ||
[vəˈhi | [vəˈhi ˈχɛsɛɹ ləɹøˈʃɛχo] | ||
[nəʔˈtsœɹ | [nəʔˈtsœɹ miʔtsˈvas kdøˈʃɛχo] | ||
[ʃmœɹ | [ʃmœɹ ʃaˈbos kodˈʃɛχo] | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
|| | || | ||
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[dəˈrəwx puˈra bəˈtəwx buʔtsˈra] | [dəˈrəwx puˈra bəˈtəwx buʔtsˈra] | ||
[ | [wəˈgam baˈvəjl ʔaˈʃər gavˈra] | ||
[nəˈtəwʔts tsaˈraj bəˈʔaf wɐʕɐvˈra] | [nəˈtəwʔts tsaˈraj bəˈʔaf wɐʕɐvˈra] | ||
[ʃəˈmɐʕ kəwˈli bəˈjəwm ʔəʔkˈra] | [ʃəˈmɐʕ kəwˈli bəˈjəwm ʔəʔkˈra] | ||
[ʔələwʔˈkim təjn | [ʔələwʔˈkim təjn bammiðˈbar har] | ||
[ | [haˈðas ʃiʔtˈta bərəwʃ tiðˈɦar] | ||
[wəlammazˈɦir wəlannizˈɦar] | [wəlammazˈɦir wəlannizˈɦar] | ||
[ʃələwˈmim təjn kəˈməj naˈhar] | [ʃələwˈmim təjn kəˈməj naˈhar] | ||
[ | [həˈðəwx kaˈməj ħaj ʔəjl kanˈna] | ||
[ | [bəˈməwg ləjˈvav ʔuvimginˈna] | ||
[wənarˈħiv pə ʔunmalˈlənna] | [wənarˈħiv pə ʔunmalˈlənna] | ||
[ləʃəwˈnəjnu ləˈxa rinˈna] | [ləʃəwˈnəjnu ləˈxa rinˈna] | ||
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[dəˈʕəj ħuxˈma lənafˈʃəxa] | [dəˈʕəj ħuxˈma lənafˈʃəxa] | ||
[wəˈhi ˈxətər lərəwˈʃəxa] | [wəˈhi ˈxətər lərəwˈʃəxa] | ||
[nəʔˈtsəwr miʔtsˈwat | [nəʔˈtsəwr miʔtsˈwat kəðəwˈʃəxa] | ||
[ʃəˈməwɾ ʃabˈbat | [ʃəˈməwɾ ʃabˈbat kuðˈʃəxa] | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
|} | |} |
Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023
A-Tiberian Hebrew is the same as ours but with ejectives for emphatics instead of pharyngealized consonants.
As in our timeline, Hebrew accents in the Unbegotten timeline can be divided into three major types:
- Ashkenazi-type: segol, pataħ, and qamatz are all distinct; tav is lenited (e.g. Modern Standard, Gaelic)
- Sephardi-type: segol != pataħ = qamatz; tav is not lenited (e.g. Vertlandic)
- Babylonian-type: segol = pataħ != qamatz (e.g. Indian)
Standard
Hebrew in Lõis was first revived by English-speaking Jewish immigrants in the Holy Land. Most speakers in the Holy Land today use a simplified version of English Hebrew, with a Gaelic Hebrew touch.
- Stressed vowels are slightly longer than unstressed syllables.
- TibH /p t k/ are aspirated except after fricatives; voicing assimilation works like in English
- "overuse" of glottal reinforcement relative to Vertlandic Hebrew: the Revived Hebrew phonemes /p t k ts/ are realized as [ʔp ʔt ʔk ʔts] after a vowel or /m n l/.
- beth, kaf, pe, tav without dagesh are [v, x, f, s].
- lamed is always clear [l]
- vav is [v], like in Israeli Hebrew
- A six-vowel system: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ = [i ɛ ɛ a ɔ ø u~ü]. /ø/ is lowered to [œ] before [χ].
- resh freely varies between [ɹ], [ɻ] and [ɾ]
- Shva is dropped using similar rules to Israeli Hebrew. If shva is pronounced as a vowel, it is pronounced as [ə].
- Ayin not before a vowel (whether shva, chataf or final) behaves much like in Israeli Hebrew: /aʕ eʕ ɔʕ oʕ iʕ uʕ/ = [ɑ: ea oa~o øa ia ua]. Nasal realizations [ɑ̃ː ɛ̃ː ɔ̃ː œ̃ː iɑ̃~ẽː uɑ̃~õː] or pharyngeal realizations (pronouncing a pharyngeal ayin) may be present in proper and formal speech.
- /h/-dropping does not occur word-initially or on the onset of a stressed syllable, except possibly in function words. The /h/ in the definite article /ha/ is not dropped phrase-initially.
The grammar is nearly identical to our Israeli Hebrew (using suffix conjugation = past, participle = present, prefix conjugation = future/imperative, l- + infinitive construct = infinitive), but different phonological simplifications are made than in Israeli Hebrew and there are calques from English not used in Israeli Hebrew, such as מה מעלה /ma ˈmaːlo/ = "what's up?"
- The compensatory lengthening rule /a/ (patakh) to /o/ (qamatz), /i/ (khiriq) to /e/ (tzere), /u/ (qubbutz) to /ø/ (holam) is consistently observed before an underlying geminate /ʔ/ (aleph or ayin) and /r/ in morphologically geminate forms such as piʕel verbs.
- In particular, the definite article is usually ha, but always ho before Revived phonemes /ʔ r/.
- The /ʔu-/ allomorph for ו 'and' may be used hypercorrectly. In normative Hebrew this allomorph is only found before labials and C + shva where C != yud.
Vertlandic
Vertlandic Jews (called "Sephardim" in-universe) have the following features:
- begadkefat acts on /b d k p/ → /v ð x f/
- glottal reinforcement before tet, tsadi, and kuf
- segol = ə, pataħ = QG = a, tsere = əy, ħolam = əw, ħiriq = i, QQ = shuruq = u
Sample (Dror Yikra)
Hebrew | Standard | Judeo-Gaelic | Vertlandic |
---|---|---|---|
דְּרוֹר יִקְרָא לְבֵן עִם בַּת
וְיִנְצָרְכֶם כְּמוֹ בָבַת |
[dɹœɹ jiʔˈkɹɔ ləˈvɛn (ʔ)im bas] |
[dəˈɾuɾ jiˈkʰɹo ləˈveən ʔim bas] |
[dəˈrəwr jiʔˈkra ləˈvəjn ʕim bat] |